The chlorophenoxy herbicide dicamba and its commercial formulation banvel® induce genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells

In vitro genotoxicity assessment of the synthetic plant growth regulator, 1-naphthaleneacetamide

“…As similar to the our results, the cytotoxic/cytostatic effects of some different synthetic auxins were reported in the previous studies performed on various test systems (Di Paolo et al 2001;Tuschl and Schwab 2003;Mičić et al 2004;Gonzàlez et al 2006Gonzàlez et al , 2007Gonzàlez et al , 2011.…”

“…Gonzàlez et al (2011) found that dicamba and one of its commercial formulation banvel induced a significant increase in MN and NBUD formation at a concentration range of 50-500 lg/mL in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The damaging activity of dicamba in different mammalian cell targets was also previously observed by the same research group (Gonzàlez et al 2006(Gonzàlez et al , 2007(Gonzàlez et al , 2009). The results of these studies and some others (Amer and Aly 2001;Cenkci et al 2010) are in agreement with the results of our study, although different cell types and/or test system were used.…”

“…Unfortunately, to our best knowledge, there is no study available on the genotoxic and/ or cytotoxic effects of NAAm on humans in the literature. However, some synthetic auxins, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (Holland et al 2002;Cenkci et al 2010), dicamba (Gonzàlez et al 2007(Gonzàlez et al , 2009Gonzàlez et al 2011), and synthetic IAA (Salopek-Sondi et al 2010) have been found genotoxic, mutagenic and cytotoxic in various test systems. Thus, taking into account these facts, it has become important to evaluate the possible genotoxic potential of NAAm on humans.…”

Genetic Toxicological Profile of Carbofuran and Pirimicarb Carbamic Insecticides

“…Unfortunately, the identity of the components present in the excipient formulations was not made available by the manufacturers. These final remarks are in accord with previous observations not only reported by us but also by other research groups indicating the presence of xenobiotics within the composition of the commercial formulations with genotoxic and cytotoxic effects (David, 1982;Lin & Garry, 2000;Soloneski et al, 2001Soloneski et al, , 2002Soloneski et al, , 2003Soloneski et al, , 2008González et al, 2007aGonzález et al, , b, 2009Elsik et al, 2008;Molinari et al, 2009;Soloneski & Larramendy, 2010). These observations highlight that, in agriculture, agrochemicals are generally not used as a single active ingredient but as part of a complex commercial formulations.…”

Herbicides in Argentina. Comparative Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects on Mammalian Cells Exerted by Auxinic Members

“…Induction of DNA single-strand breaks, estimated by the alkaline comet assay, was evaluated in CHO cells exposed in vitro to Dicamba. González et al (2007) demonstrated an increase in the frequency of DNA lesions in this cell line. Similar observations were reported by Sorensen et al (2004Sorensen et al ( , 2005 on Dicamba-treated CHO cells cultured in the presence of reduced-clay smectites but not when the clay system was not included within the culture protocol.…”