The Chironomidae diversity based on records from early Eocene Cambay amber, India, with implications on habitats of fossil Diptera

Stebner, Frauke; Baranov, Viktor; Zakrzewska, Marta; Singh, Himanshu; Giłka, Wojciech

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.03.019

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As the Chironomidae are usually sensitive to both climate and environmental changes, they often serve as a great indicators that help both to monitor the changes occurring in waterbodies in the Present and also are widely used in reconstructions of aquatic habitats in the Past (e.g. Larocque et al 2001, Stebner et al 2017. Adults and immatures of extant Stempellinella inhabit fresh waters, mainly lotic: rivers, springs and streams (only a few species are limnophilous) (Ekrem 2007).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When it comes to an inventory of fossil chironomids, including those of the tribe Tanytarsini, the taxa known from Eocene ambers are undoubtedly the best studied ones, with the vast majority of specimens identified and species described. So far, 26 Eocene Tanytarsini species were assigned to both extant (Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau, 1998, Rheotanytarsus Thienemann et Bause, 1913, Stempellina Thienemann et Bause, 1913, Stempellinella Brundin, 1947 and Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874) and extinct Tanytarsini genera (Archistempellina Giłka et Zakrzewska, 2013, Corneliola Giłka et Zakrzewska, 2013, Eonandeva Giłka et Zakrzewska, 2015and Gujaratomyia Giłka et Zakrzewska, 2018, and thus provide a much wanted insight into the tribe's evolution course (Seredszus & Wichard 2007, Giłka 2010, 2011a, 2015a, 2015b, 2020, Stebner et al 2017. One of the most diverse representatives belong to the genus Stempellinella.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new fossil Stempellinella from Eocene Baltic amber, with systematic notes and amendment of the generic diagnosis (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Zakrzewska

Jankowska

2021

Zootaxa

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433

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Stempellinella gilkai sp. nov., an Eocene non-biting midge of the subfamily Chironominae, tribe Tanytarsini is described on the basis of the adult male. This is the sixth fossil representative of the genus and the fifth described from Baltic amber (~40–45 Ma). The species displays a set of morphological characters typical of the genus. To facilitate a delimitation of fossil Stempellinella, a comparison of the most significant characters is provided. The key features of antenna and hypopygium are discussed in detail. A comparative analysis of both extinct and extant Stempellinella representatives allowed to perform an amendment of the current generic diagnosis. Notes on the genus’ palaeoecology and species richness during the Eocene are also included.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new fossil Stempellinella from Eocene Baltic amber, with systematic notes and amendment of the generic diagnosis (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Zakrzewska

Jankowska

2021

Zootaxa

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433

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“…The oldest known member of the genus Tanytarsus is also found in the Indian Cambay amber ( c . 50–52 Ma), but remains to be described (Stebner et al ., ). Divergence time estimates in our phylogeny of Tanytarsus (Files S2 and S3) indicate that the genus diverged from Cladotanytarsus during the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene (61–79 Ma), at least 8 Ma earlier than the oldest known Tanytarsini fossil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular phylogeny and temporal diversification ofTanytarsusvan der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae) support generic synonymies, a new classification and centre of origin

Stur

Ekrem

2018

Systematic Entomology

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Tanytarsus van der Wulp, with 355 currently known valid species, is a comparatively large genus of nonbiting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae). Relationships among Tanytarsus and associated genera and among species in the genus have been exceptionally difficult to resolve using morphology or single gene genealogies. Here, the phylogeny of Tanytarsus sensu lato is reconstructed based on the combined analysis of five nuclear markers, including both ribosomal (18S) and protein‐coding (AATS1, CAD, PGD and TPI) genes. Our results indicate that Tanytarsus is paraphyletic with Caladomyia Säwedal placed among South American Tanytarsus, Virgatanytarsus Pinder as part of a Gondwanan clade, and Corynocera Zetterstedt within the Tanytarsus norvegicus (Kieffer) species group. Based on these results, we synonymize Caladomyia and Virgatanytarsus with Tanytarsus. We propose retaining the older name Corynocera until an eventual International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ruling on precedence can be made regarding the more frequent usage of the younger name Tanytarsus. As expected, the previously synonymized Nimbocera Reiss is confirmed to be a junior synonym of Tanytarsus with T. rhabdomantis (Trivinho‐Strixino & Strixino) grouping with other Neotropical Tanytarsus. The genus Sublettea Roback remains valid outside of Tanytarsus + Cladotanytarsus Kieffer. The monophyly of some established species groups is well supported, while other groups are refuted or remain uncertain. Based on a calibrated molecular divergence time analysis, Tanytarsus diverged from its sister group Cladotanytarsus during the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleogene (61–79 Ma). The genus most likely originated in the Oriental and Palearctic regions.

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“…Yet, this is a mere oversimplification and likely malicious for the results and conclusions of such studies (Grund, 2006). Many authors, have shown that in case of large and ecologically “diverse genera”, or “relic genera” (groups which which were much more diverse in the past), such inferences might lead to the widely inaccurate conclusions (e.g., Stebner et al., 2017; Baranov et al, 2019a; Baranov et al, 2019b). This problem is of course also a result of the (unreflected) use of taxonomical ranks, as a low ranks (such as the genus) appear to suggest a close relationship among the included species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly palaeo-evo-devo: immature stages of bibionomorphan dipterans in Baltic and Bitterfeld amber

Baranov

Schädel

Haug

2019

PeerJ

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Larvae of flies and gnats (Diptera) form a crucial component of many terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in the extant biosphere. Larvae of Diptera play a central role in water purification, matter and energy transfer in riparian ecosystems in rivers, carbon cycling in lakes and forests as well as being major decomposers of dead organic matter. Despite all these important roles, dipteran larvae are most often ignored in palaeoecological studies, due to the difficulty of the taxonomic identification of fossil larvae, but also due to the perceived importance of adult dipterans in palaeoentomological and taxonomic studies. Despite that, much information on palaeoecosystems can be gained from studying fossil dipteran larvae, in particular for well preserved specimens from fossil resins (ambers and copals). Since ambers are selectively preserving fauna of trunks and leaf litter, it allows us to learn a lot about xylophages and saprophages of amber forests, such as Eocene Baltic amber forest. Here we present immature stages (larvae and pupae) of the dipteran ingroup Bibionomorpha, from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber forests. We have recorded at least four different larval morphotypes, one with four distinct instars, and at least three pupal morphotypes. One larva is recognised as a new species and can be interpreted either as a representative of a highly derived ingroup of Bibionidae or as a sister species to Bibionidae. Also represented by single larval specimens are the groups Pachyneura (Pachyneuridae) and Sylvicola (Anisopodidae). The majority of the recorded specimens are representatives of the group Mycetobia (Anisopodidae). Due to the abundance of immature stages of Mycetobia, we have been able to reconstruct the number of larval stages (4) and relative growth rate of these fossil dipterans. We discuss implications of these finds.

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The Chironomidae diversity based on records from early Eocene Cambay amber, India, with implications on habitats of fossil Diptera

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

A new fossil Stempellinella from Eocene Baltic amber, with systematic notes and amendment of the generic diagnosis (Diptera: Chironomidae)

A new fossil Stempellinella from Eocene Baltic amber, with systematic notes and amendment of the generic diagnosis (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Molecular phylogeny and temporal diversification ofTanytarsusvan der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae) support generic synonymies, a new classification and centre of origin

Fly palaeo-evo-devo: immature stages of bibionomorphan dipterans in Baltic and Bitterfeld amber

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