The Chilean Diet: Is It Sustainable?

Gormaz, Teresita; Cortés, Sandra; Tiboni-Oschilewski, Ornella; Weisstaub, Gerardo

doi:10.3390/nu14153103

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…They found that mean consumption of nuts, legumes, vegetables, whole cereals, and vegetable oils was lower than recommended, and consumption of tubers & potatoes, dairy products, red meat, and added sugars was higher than recommended by the EAT-Lancet Commission. Similarly, Gormaz et al [7] reported that a representative sample of the Chilean population (≥ 2 years, n = 4920 of which 5% were children aged 2-5-year-old [31]) had low consumption of nuts, legumes, whole cereals, and vegetable oils, and high consumption of dairy products, red meat, and added sugars. Our findings also align with the results observed among European adolescents from the HELENA cohort study [32,33] showing low adherence to the planetary health diet as measured by the PHDI (mean total score = 44.3 (95% CI 43.7, 44.9) points).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chilean children’s adherence to sustainable healthy diets and its associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric factors: a cross-sectional study

Venegas Hargous,

Orellana,

Corvalan

et al. 2024

Eur J Nutr

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Purpose To describe adherence to sustainable healthy diets among a sample of 958 Chilean pre-schoolers (3–6 years) and explore associations between adherence and child and maternal sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics. Methods Children’s adherence to sustainable healthy diets was calculated from single multiple-pass 24-h dietary recalls using the Planetary Health Diet Index for children and adolescents (PHDI-C). Higher PHDI-C scores (max score = 150 points) represent greater adherence. Adjusted linear regression models were fitted to explore associations between PHDI-C scores and child and maternal characteristics. Results Children obtained low total PHDI-C scores (median 50.0 [IQR 39.5–59.8] points). This resulted from low consumption of nuts & peanuts, legumes, vegetables, whole cereals, and vegetable oils; a lack of balance between dark green and red & orange vegetables, inadequate consumption of tubers & potatoes and eggs & white meats, and excess consumption of dairy products, palm oil, red meats, and added sugars. Mean PHDI-C total score was significantly higher (50.6 [95%CI 49.6, 51.7] vs 47.3 [95%CI 45.0, 49.5]) among children whose mothers were ≥ 25 years compared to those with younger mothers. Positive associations were observed between scores for fruits and maternal education, vegetables and maternal age, added sugars and child weight status, while negative associations were observed between fruits and child age, and vegetable oils and maternal education. Scores for dairy products PHDI-C component were lower among girls. Conclusion Adherence to sustainable healthy diets was low among this sample of Chilean children and was significantly associated with maternal age, being lower among children whose mothers were younger.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of diets in Latin America show poor alignment with the EAT-Lancet diet [7][8][9][10]; however, only a few included children in the analysis [7,8]. There is only one study internationally that has provided a detailed description of children's adherence to sustainable healthy diets [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chilean children’s adherence to sustainable healthy diets and its associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric factors: a cross-sectional study

Venegas Hargous,

Orellana,

Corvalan

et al. 2024

Eur J Nutr

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“…EnF estimates in different regions point to differences according to the dietary standards of the territories. In South America, a study performed in Argentina showed values of 8910 g CO 2 eq/day for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 54.2 m 2 /day for soil use, and 205 L/day for freshwater [ 21 ], while a study performed in Chile showed GHG and soil use values of 4670 g CO 2 eq/person/day and 4177 L/person/day, respectively [ 22 ]. In Asia, a study performed in Lebanon determined the water use of food consumption to be 2571 L/day and the GHG emissions to be 4060 g CO 2 eq/day [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Environmental Footprints and Their Association with Socioeconomic Factors and Food Purchase Practices: BRAZUCA Natal Study

Hatjiathanassiadou

Souza

Vale

et al. 2022

Foods

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The analysis of dietary environmental impacts has proven to be an important tool for guiding the adoption of healthier and more sustainable diets. This study aimed to estimate the dietary carbon (CF), water (WF), and ecological (EF) footprints of residents in the city of Natal, Brazil; the study also aimed to verify their association with socioeconomic factors and food purchase practices. This is a cross-sectional study that used dietary data from 411 adults and elderlies, which was collected via a questionnaire that applied to the respondents. The results showed that the dietary CF was 1901.88 g CO2 eq/day/1000 kcal, the WF was 1834.03 L/day/1000 kcal, and the EF was 14.29 m2/day/1000 kcal. The highest environmental footprint values showed an association (p ≤ 0.05) with the factors of male sex, white ethnicity, and higher income and schooling, whereas the lowest environmental footprint values were associated with social vulnerability variables such as female sex, non-white ethnicity, and lower income and schooling (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, people with lower environmental footprints consumed less fast food, had fewer meals at snack bars, and used food delivery services less often than those with higher footprints. The foods that most contributed to the CFs and WFs were beef and chicken, while fish and beef contribute the most to the EFs. The data in the present study show that a diet with a lower environmental impact is not always equal to a sustainable diet. This relationship is paradoxical and relates to food justice, as people with lower environmental footprint values are the same ones with worse socioeconomic conditions. In this sense, is it essential to consider the influence of the social context when assessing dietary environmental impacts and when assessing actions that promote healthier and more sustainable diets.

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“…Debido a la falta de encuestas nacionales sobre el consumo de alimentos no existe mucha evidencia en la región sobre el impacto de las dietas en el ambiente. En Chile, un reciente estudio [11] estimó la huella de carbono e hídrica de la dieta de la población chilena basada en la Encuesta Nacional de Consumo Alimentario realizada en 2010. Se obtuvo una huella de carbono de 4,67 kilogramos equivalentes de dióxido de carbono y una huella hídrica de 4177 litros, ambas por persona al día.…”

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