The Chd family of chromatin remodelers

Abstract

Chromatin remodeling enzymes contribute to the dynamic changes that occur in chromatin structure during cellular processes such as transcription, recombination, repair, and replication. Members of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (Chd) family of enzymes belong to the SNF2 superfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers. The Chd proteins are distinguished by the presence of two N-terminal chromodomains that function as interaction surfaces for a variety of chromatin components. Genetic, biochemical, and structural studies demonstrate that Chd proteins are important regulators of transcription and play critical roles during developmental processes. Numerous Chd proteins are also implicated in human disease.

Mutational landscape of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

“…4d; Supplementary Data 6). These genes are involved in different steps in epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodelling [54][55][56][57][58] . Among these genes, ARID1A encodes a component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex and is also frequently mutated in HCC.…”

Use of chromatin remodeling ATPases as RNAi targets for parental control of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and Neotropical brown stink bug (Euschistus heros)

“…This family of ATP-dependent remodeling enzymes contains two amino-terminal chromodomains [chromatin organization modifier] (Figure 1C-D). The CHD family is further subdivided into three subfamilies (Marfella and Imbalzano, 2007), here referred to as subfamilies I, II, and III. The Drosophila CHD proteins include Chd1, Mi-2, Chd3, and Kismet.…”

“…WCR and E. heros Chd1 homologs share the same domain architecture as their Drosophila counterpart ( Figure 1C). CHD subfamily II carries no DNA-binding domain but has Zn-finger-like domains called PHD (plant homeodomain) fingers; Drosophila Mi-2 and Chd3 belong to this subfamily (Marfella and Imbalzano, 2007). We identified WCR and E. heros proteins that most likely represent Mi-2 orthologs in these insects (Figure 2).…”

Arabidopsis seed germination responses to osmotic stress involve the chromatin modifier PICKLE

“…In animals, the importance of CHD proteins during development has been established in several studies in mammals and Drosophila. 12 CHD proteins are components of Mi-2/NuRD chromatin remodeling complexes that regulate the changes in gene expression accompanying developmental transitions. They remodel the chromatin associated with genes into a state that is non permissive with gene transcription.…”