The Changing Relationship between Interannual Variations of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Northern Tropical Atlantic SST

Chen, Shangfeng; Wu, Renguang; Chen, Wen

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-14-00422.1

Cited by 100 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This may be attributed to the nonlinearity of dependence of atmospheric heating on the mean temperature, as demonstrated by previous studies (e.g. Ham and Kug, ; Chen et al , ; Cao et al , ). Furthermore, stronger zonal SST gradient and warmer total SST in far west equatorial Pacific (to the west of 140°E) in CP La Niña events than those in the EP La Niña events may also contribute to a stronger atmospheric response for the CP La Niña winter (Figure ).…”

Section: Atmospheric Circulation Anomaly Patterns For Two Types Of Lamentioning

confidence: 98%

Distinct impacts of two types of La Niña events on Australian summer rainfall

Song

Chen

et al. 2016

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study investigates impacts of two types of La Niña events, eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña and central Pacific (CP) La Niña, on Australian summer rainfall during 1951–2009. Results show that Australian summer rainfall is sensitive to the change in the location of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in equatorial Pacific. During CP La Niña, maximum cold SST anomaly is located in the equatorial CP west of 150°W, and significant northeasterly wind anomalies tend to prevail over northeastern Australia during austral summer. This brings more moist and warm flow from the tropics to Australia and leads to significant positive rainfall anomalies over northern and eastern Australia. In contrast, during EP La Niña, maximum cold SST anomaly is confined to equatorial EP east of 150°W and atmospheric circulation anomalies tend to be weak. As a result, rainfall anomalies are generally weak over Australia in EP La Niña. The differences in the Australian summer rainfall anomalies between CP La Niña and EP La Niña are attributed to the differences in atmospheric circulation anomalies. Specifically, the atmospheric circulation anomalies over tropical Pacific tend to be stronger and located more westward in CP La Niña. Higher climatological SST in the equatorial CP than equatorial EP, larger magnitude and westward shift of cold SST anomaly centre in CP La Niña than EP Niña may explain stronger and westward shift of the atmospheric anomalies in CP La Niña. Atmospheric model numerical experiments confirm the contribution of stronger circulation response in CP La Niña to the positive rainfall anomalies in Australia. Results in this study suggest that it is important to classify the La Niña events into different types when predicting Australian summer rainfall.

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Section: Atmospheric Circulation Anomaly Patterns For Two Types Of Lamentioning

confidence: 98%

Distinct impacts of two types of La Niña events on Australian summer rainfall

Song

Chen

et al. 2016

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Previous studies suggested that the variation in precipitation over China can also be related to SST anomalies (SSTAs) in the North Atlantic (NA; e.g., Chen et al, ; Song et al, ; Sun & Wang, , ; Wu et al, 2009; Wu et al, ; Wu & Kirtman, ). Some studies have revealed that during winter when the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is most active, there is a close interaction between the NAO and underlying SST in the NA sector through the exchange of sensible and latent heat fluxes (e.g., Bjerknes, ; Cayan, ; Frankignoul & Kestenare, ; Hurrell, ; Peng et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Song et al () suggested that there are two different pathways that the NAO‐associated stationary Rossby wave trains propagate downstream in winter. However, some studies revealed that the connection between the NA SSTAs and downstream climate anomalies is unstable (e.g., Chen et al, ; Walter & Graf, ; Wu et al, ). Walter and Graf () revealed that the relationship between the winter NA SSTAs and the regional circulation anomalies has strengthened since the late 1960s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdecadal Changes in the Dominant Modes of the Interannual Variation of Spring Precipitation over China in the Mid‐1980s

Jia

You

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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In this study, the leading empirical orthogonal function mode of the interannual variations of boreal spring (April–May) precipitation over China (SPC) is shown to shift from a mono‐sign distribution during 1964–1985 (P1), with the largest loading over southern China, to a north‐south dipole structure during 1986–2004 (P2), with the northern and southern poles centered over the Yangtze River and the Pearl River Delta, respectively. The results show that the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation(ENSO)‐related negative western tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies persist longer from the previous winter into the following spring in P2 than in P1. The ENSO‐related western tropical Pacific anticyclone in spring is stronger and extends farther northeastward after the mid‐1980s. As a result, in P2, the moisture transport by anomalous southerly winds along the western flank of the western tropical Pacific anticyclone penetrates northward to central China, and moisture convergence and divergence are observed over the Yangtze River and southern China, respectively. The SPC‐related North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (NAST) are stronger after the mid‐1980s than before the mid‐1980s, and the NAST‐related atmospheric wave train over the middle‐latitude Eurasian continent is more pronounced in P2 than in P1. Furthermore, to the east of 90°E, the downstream propagation pathway of the NAST‐related wave train turns southeastward, which may be caused by the weakened intensity of the meridional gradient of the potential vorticity over this region. The pronounced wave train‐related positive height anomalies over the western North Pacific favor a north‐south dipole structure in the SPC variation in P2.

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“…The major modes of summer Chinese climate are markedly influenced by the state of the NAO through changes in the position of the North Atlantic storm track and transient eddy activity (Linderholm et al ., ). Changes in the sea surface temperature (SST) over the North Atlantic also correlate well with the NAO (Wallace et al ., ; Marshall et al ., ; Czaja and Frankignoul, ; Cassou et al ., ; Gu et al ., ; Chen et al ., ; Chen et al ., ). Marshall et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intensified impact of North Atlantic Oscillation in May on subsequent July Asian inland plateau precipitation since the late 1970s

Piao

Chen

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in May and precipitation in the Asian inland plateau (AIP) in following July has experienced a significant enhancement since the late 1970s. This study investigates the factors for this inter‐decadal change of the NAO–AIP precipitation connection. Before the late 1970s, geopotential height anomalies related to the May NAO exhibited a dipole pattern confined to the North Atlantic from May to June and decayed in July. As a result, the impact of the May NAO on the AIP precipitation in July is weak. In contrast, after the late 1970s, geopotential height anomalies associated with the May NAO persisted into July. The analysis in this study finds that the May NAO influences July AIP precipitation via modulating the Polar–Eurasia teleconnection (POL). After (before) the late 1970s, the connection between the May NAO and the POL was strong (weak), explaining the inter‐decadal change in the May NAO–July AIP precipitation relationship. Further analysis suggests that the strengthening of the relationship between the May NAO pattern and the July POL after the late 1970s may be attributed to the inter‐decadal contraction of the Northern Hemisphere circumpolar vortex.

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The Changing Relationship between Interannual Variations of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Northern Tropical Atlantic SST

Cited by 100 publications

References 53 publications

Distinct impacts of two types of La Niña events on Australian summer rainfall

Distinct impacts of two types of La Niña events on Australian summer rainfall

Interdecadal Changes in the Dominant Modes of the Interannual Variation of Spring Precipitation over China in the Mid‐1980s

Intensified impact of North Atlantic Oscillation in May on subsequent July Asian inland plateau precipitation since the late 1970s

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