2006
DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500945
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The Challenge of the So‐Called Electron Configurations of the Transition Metals

Abstract: Quite different meanings are attached by chemists to the words element, atom, orbital, order of orbitals or configurations. This causes conceptual inconsistencies, in particular with respect to the transition-metal elements and their atoms or ions. The different meanings will here be distinguished carefully. They are analyzed on the basis of empirical atomic spectral data and quasi-relativistic density functional calculations. The latter are quite reliable for different average configuration energies of transi… Show more

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Cited by 32 publications
(58 citation statements)
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“…However, the difference between free atoms in a physical vacuum and chemically bound atoms in an environment of ligands is unexpectedly large (see Section 4.1). [11,12] …”
Section: Notions Of "Element"mentioning
confidence: 98%
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“…However, the difference between free atoms in a physical vacuum and chemically bound atoms in an environment of ligands is unexpectedly large (see Section 4.1). [11,12] …”
Section: Notions Of "Element"mentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Therefore, the dominant configuration of transition-metal atoms in compounds is d gÀq s 0 throughout (q = atomic charge; Figure 3, right). [11,12,31] . [33] The larger the effective nuclear charge in the valence shell (for increasing Z and q), the more pronounced is nd < (n + 1)s (spatially and energetically).…”
Section: Free and Bound Atomsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Der Unterschied von freien Atomen im physikalischen Vakuum und chemisch gebundenen Atomen in Ligandenumgebung ist aber groß (siehe Abschnitt 4.1). [11,12] 3. Ein System -viele Tafeln Seit es den modernen Elementbegriff gibt (um 1785), [7] bemühten sich Chemiker um eine Systematik der Elemente nach qualitativen chemischen Kriterien.…”
Section: Bedeutungen Von "Element"unclassified
“…Abbildung 4 zeigt AO-Energiereihenfolgen e nlj für drei Z-Werte, welche aus Ionisationsenergien von Konfigurationsmitteln DE rekonstruiert wurden. [11,33] Das Diagramm unterscheidet sich von Lehrbuch-Graphen. 1) Es enthält eine definierte Ordinatenskala.…”
Section: Verschiedene Ao-reihenfolgenunclassified
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