“…Therefore, CIP4 acts downstream of cdc42 activation to promote membrane deformation, vesicle scission and actin polymerization (Fricke et al, 2009), thus participating in endocytosis (Leibfried et al, 2008;Hartig et al, 2009;Feng et al, 2010), and in the formation of lamellapodial protrusions (Saengsawang et al, 2012) and pro-invasive invadopodia structures (Pichot et al, 2010;Hu et al, 2011). Regarding cell migration, CIP4 is upregulated during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (Zhang et al, 2013) and has been reported to be essential for the development of metastatic properties in different types of cancer cells (Pichot et al, 2010;Truesdell et al, 2014;Rolland et al, 2014;Koshkina et al, 2013). Although most studies point to its involvement in the formation of membrane structures that are necessary for cell migration, the actual mechanism by which CIP4 plays a central role in the acquisition of migratory properties has not been clarified yet.…”