The Carstairs Kames (Lanarkshire, Scotland): morphology, sedimentology and formation

Abstract

The Carstairs Kames have been the subject of debate for over 150 yr. A synthesis of previous work, along with new sedimentological data, is used to reappraise this classic British esker locality. Three morphological elements are recognised: (i) large, sinuous and anastomosing ridges; (ii) large, irregular, linear mounds; and (iii) small, low and irregular mounds. The main ridge system is composed of a core of boulder gravel with sand/pebble gravel above and adjacent to the core. The large, linear mounds contain a varied facies range which include: glaciolacustrine sediments (deltaic sequences, laminites and dropstones); debris flows; and glaciofluvial channel systems. All the deposits, both in the main ridges and in the adjacent linear mounds, contain syn‐and post‐depositional subsidence structures, including normal faults, synclinal folds and growth faults. A range of potential origins for these landforms is reviewed and it is suggested that glaciofluvial sedimentation in a supraglacial environment, controlled by a topography of ice‐cored ridges, is the most appropriate depositional model. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Examining the geometry, age and genesis of buried Quaternary valley systems in the Midland Valley of Scotland, UK

“…From Douglas in south Lanarkshire to Edinburgh there are a series of northeast–southwest trending features with an average depth of 20–26 m and widths of 0.9–0.48 km (Fig. : features 15–17) that underlie modern drainage and are filled by kame terraces sediments and other glacifluvial deposits that are found in these valleys (Eckford ; McLellan ; Huddart & Bennett ).…”

Examining the geometry, age and genesis of buried Quaternary valley systems in the Midland Valley of Scotland, UK

“…From Douglas in south Lanarkshire to Edinburgh there are a series of northeast–southwest trending features with an average depth of 20–26 m and widths of 0.9–0.48 km (Fig. : features 15–17) that underlie modern drainage and are filled by kame terraces sediments and other glacifluvial deposits that are found in these valleys (Eckford ; McLellan ; Huddart & Bennett ).…”

The Brampton kame belt and Pennine escarpment meltwater channel system (Cumbria, UK): Morphology, sedimentology and formation

“…Thus these deposits are analogous to eskers formed in either a broad, supraglacial (e.g. Huddart & Bennett, 1997;Huddart et al 1999;Russell et al, 2001) or/and icecontact (e.g. Huddart, 1970;Shaw, 1972) trough.…”

BRITICE Glacial Map, version 2: a map and GIS database of glacial landforms of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet

“…(, ), Hill (), Holden (), Hollingworth (), Howarth (, b, c, d), Howe et al . (), Huddart (, ), Huddart & Bennett (), Hughes (, ), Hughes et al . (, ), Jansson & Glasser (), Johnson (, b) Johnson et al .…”

Examining the geometry, age and genesis of buried Quaternary valley systems in the Midland Valley of Scotland, UK

“…From Douglas in south Lanarkshire to Edinburgh there are a series of northeast–southwest trending features with an average depth of 20–26 m and widths of 0.9–0.48 km (Fig. : features 15–17) that underlie modern drainage and are filled by kame terraces sediments and other glacifluvial deposits that are found in these valleys (Eckford ; McLellan ; Huddart & Bennett ).…”

The Brampton kame belt and Pennine escarpment meltwater channel system (Cumbria, UK): Morphology, sedimentology and formation

“…Thus these deposits are analogous to eskers formed in either a broad, supraglacial (e.g. Huddart & Bennett, 1997;Huddart et al 1999;Russell et al, 2001) or/and icecontact (e.g. Huddart, 1970;Shaw, 1972) trough.…”

BRITICE Glacial Map, version 2: a map and GIS database of glacial landforms of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet

“…(, ), Hill (), Holden (), Hollingworth (), Howarth (, b, c, d), Howe et al . (), Huddart (, ), Huddart & Bennett (), Hughes (, ), Hughes et al . (, ), Jansson & Glasser (), Johnson (, b) Johnson et al .…”

Examining the geometry, age and genesis of buried Quaternary valley systems in the Midland Valley of Scotland, UK

“…From Douglas in south Lanarkshire to Edinburgh there are a series of northeast–southwest trending features with an average depth of 20–26 m and widths of 0.9–0.48 km (Fig. : features 15–17) that underlie modern drainage and are filled by kame terraces sediments and other glacifluvial deposits that are found in these valleys (Eckford ; McLellan ; Huddart & Bennett ).…”

The Brampton kame belt and Pennine escarpment meltwater channel system (Cumbria, UK): Morphology, sedimentology and formation

“…Thus these deposits are analogous to eskers formed in either a broad, supraglacial (e.g. Huddart & Bennett, 1997;Huddart et al 1999;Russell et al, 2001) or/and icecontact (e.g. Huddart, 1970;Shaw, 1972) trough.…”

BRITICE Glacial Map, version 2: a map and GIS database of glacial landforms of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet

“…(, ), Hill (), Holden (), Hollingworth (), Howarth (, b, c, d), Howe et al . (), Huddart (, ), Huddart & Bennett (), Hughes (, ), Hughes et al . (, ), Jansson & Glasser (), Johnson (, b) Johnson et al .…”