The carrying capacity of estuarine mangroves in maintaining the coastal urban environmental health of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Assessment of heavy metals at mangrove ecosystem, applying multiple approaches using in-situ and remote sensing techniques, Red Sea, Egypt

“…The Red Sea province has an intensive tourism development coastline and an increasing population growth and urban development that pressure on coastal environments (Abdel-Latif et al 2012 ). In addition to the mining activity in the Red Sea mountains near the coast, there is one uncompleted industry zone which considers anthropogenic impacts (Mohamed 2005 ; Analuddin et al 2023 ). On the other hand, the marine sediments work as reservoirs that concentrate the contaminants especially heavy metals of different discharges from terrestrial and marine (Tripathi et al 2014 ; Tang et al 2019 .…”

Mangrove area degradation and management strategies in Indonesia: A review

“…The massive conversion of mangroves makes most coastal areas in Indonesia exposed and susceptible to disasters (Hasani et al, 2023). The mangrove ecosystem along the north coast of Java (Debrot et al, 2022), the coastal areas of Jakarta Bay, the waters of Batam (Rizki et al, 2017), Sulawesi (Analuddin et al, 2023), the coast of Kalimantan (Sukarna and Syahid, 2015), and the coasts of Papua and West Papua (Rumahorbo et al, 2020;Sasmito et al, 2020) has been damaged. Likewise, mangrove degradation has occurred in several other countries, such as New Zealand (Faridah-Hanum et al, 2014), Thailand, India, and other Asian countries (Mitra, 2013;Nortey et al, 2016).…”

“…Recent studies have revealed that the decline in mangrove vegetation in Indonesia is mostly influenced by human activities (Analuddin et al, 2023;Rizal et al, 2023). Intense mangrove logging was conducted from the 1980s to 1990s and was encouraged by the Intraintensive Community Program as an effort to reduce poverty.…”

“…The extensive changes in land use and the degradation of forest areas in several regions of Indonesia further increase sedimentation, which affects the destruction and death of mangrove vegetation. This condition is unfortunate because mangroves that can grow well in tropical and warm climates have numerous roles, including marine ecosystem maintenance, given that they can absorb harmful metals and pollutants, maintain water quality and sustainability, and block mud such that they can maintain coral reefs and support marine biota (Hastuti et al, 2018;Analuddin et al, 2023). In addition, mangroves can maintain terrestrial ecosystems because they can reduce tidal waves, tidal flooding, tsunamis, and coastal abrasion; absorb carbon dioxide; store blue carbon (Sasmito et al, 2020;Analuddin et al, 2023); maintain air quality; and become a source of community income (Dalimunthe, 2018;Ke et al, 2022).…”

“…The protection of coastal areas has become increasingly urgent due to the increased development of infrastructure, massive expansion of mining and industries that pay little attention to environmental impacts, and the growth of population (Martuti, 2013;Komiyama et al, 2017;Analuddin et al, 2023). The reduction in forest and mangrove cover increases carbon released into the atmosphere, which exacerbates global warming (Spalding et al, 2014;Nortey et al, 2016;Dalimunthe, 2018;Hastuti et al, 2018).…”