The Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA): Past, Present, and Future

Abstract

N/A

Prognostic Value of Albumin-to-CEA Ratio in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study

“…Similarly, elevations in CEA have been reported not only in colorectal cancer but also in gastric, pancreatic, lung, and breast malignancies, as well as in certain benign inflammatory conditions [46]. In healthy individuals, serum CEA levels are generally below 5 ng/mL, whereas patients with intestinal polyps typically demonstrate values within the normal range or only mild elevations [47]. Taken together, these observations suggest that, like albumin, CEA is not a tumor-specific marker but rather reflects broader disease-and host-related processes.…”

Prognostic Value of Albumin-to-CEA Ratio in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study

“…Similarly, elevations in CEA have been reported not only in colorectal cancer but also in gastric, pancreatic, lung, and breast malignancies, as well as in certain benign inflammatory conditions [46]. In healthy individuals, serum CEA levels are generally below 5 ng/mL, whereas patients with intestinal polyps typically demonstrate values within the normal range or only mild elevations [47]. Taken together, these observations suggest that, like albumin, CEA is not a tumor-specific marker but rather reflects broader disease-and host-related processes.…”

Carcinoembryonic Antigen Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 13,725 Tumors

“…However, previous attempts at targeting CEA by using humanized anti-CEA antibodies showed disappointing results. It is assumed that in cancers with high serum CEA levels, the therapeutic antibodies are prevented from reaching the tumor cells, as they bind to circulating CEA (summarized in [43]). Promising recent approaches include developing a vaccination (summarized in [44]) and the generation of CAR-T cells (summarized in [45]) targeting CEA.…”

CEA (CEACAM5) expression is common in muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder but unrelated to the disease course

“…Considering the high CEA expression in many tumour entities and the rather limited CEA levels in vital normal tissues (manuscript submitted), CEA constitutes an attractive therapeutic target. Initial attempts of targeting CEA by humanized anti‐CEA antibodies have led to disappointing results, probably because a shedding of CEA from tumour cells caused a binding of therapeutic antibodies to circulating CEA in the blood stream, which prevented these antibodies from reaching the tumour cells (summarized in Gold et al 33 ). Current approaches use CEA as a target for antibody‐drug conjugates 10 , 12 (NCT04154956), vaccination (summarized in Turriziani et al 34 ) and CAR‐T cells (summarized in Lei et al 35 ).…”

Prognostic Value of Albumin-to-CEA Ratio in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study

“…Similarly, elevations in CEA have been reported not only in colorectal cancer but also in gastric, pancreatic, lung, and breast malignancies, as well as in certain benign inflammatory conditions [46]. In healthy individuals, serum CEA levels are generally below 5 ng/mL, whereas patients with intestinal polyps typically demonstrate values within the normal range or only mild elevations [47]. Taken together, these observations suggest that, like albumin, CEA is not a tumor-specific marker but rather reflects broader disease-and host-related processes.…”

Carcinoembryonic Antigen Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 13,725 Tumors

“…However, previous attempts at targeting CEA by using humanized anti-CEA antibodies showed disappointing results. It is assumed that in cancers with high serum CEA levels, the therapeutic antibodies are prevented from reaching the tumor cells, as they bind to circulating CEA (summarized in [43]). Promising recent approaches include developing a vaccination (summarized in [44]) and the generation of CAR-T cells (summarized in [45]) targeting CEA.…”

CEA (CEACAM5) expression is common in muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder but unrelated to the disease course

“…Considering the high CEA expression in many tumour entities and the rather limited CEA levels in vital normal tissues (manuscript submitted), CEA constitutes an attractive therapeutic target. Initial attempts of targeting CEA by humanized anti‐CEA antibodies have led to disappointing results, probably because a shedding of CEA from tumour cells caused a binding of therapeutic antibodies to circulating CEA in the blood stream, which prevented these antibodies from reaching the tumour cells (summarized in Gold et al 33 ). Current approaches use CEA as a target for antibody‐drug conjugates 10 , 12 (NCT04154956), vaccination (summarized in Turriziani et al 34 ) and CAR‐T cells (summarized in Lei et al 35 ).…”

Prognostic Value of Albumin-to-CEA Ratio in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study

“…Similarly, elevations in CEA have been reported not only in colorectal cancer but also in gastric, pancreatic, lung, and breast malignancies, as well as in certain benign inflammatory conditions [46]. In healthy individuals, serum CEA levels are generally below 5 ng/mL, whereas patients with intestinal polyps typically demonstrate values within the normal range or only mild elevations [47]. Taken together, these observations suggest that, like albumin, CEA is not a tumor-specific marker but rather reflects broader disease-and host-related processes.…”

Carcinoembryonic Antigen Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 13,725 Tumors

“…However, previous attempts at targeting CEA by using humanized anti-CEA antibodies showed disappointing results. It is assumed that in cancers with high serum CEA levels, the therapeutic antibodies are prevented from reaching the tumor cells, as they bind to circulating CEA (summarized in [43]). Promising recent approaches include developing a vaccination (summarized in [44]) and the generation of CAR-T cells (summarized in [45]) targeting CEA.…”

CEA (CEACAM5) expression is common in muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder but unrelated to the disease course

“…Considering the high CEA expression in many tumour entities and the rather limited CEA levels in vital normal tissues (manuscript submitted), CEA constitutes an attractive therapeutic target. Initial attempts of targeting CEA by humanized anti‐CEA antibodies have led to disappointing results, probably because a shedding of CEA from tumour cells caused a binding of therapeutic antibodies to circulating CEA in the blood stream, which prevented these antibodies from reaching the tumour cells (summarized in Gold et al 33 ). Current approaches use CEA as a target for antibody‐drug conjugates 10 , 12 (NCT04154956), vaccination (summarized in Turriziani et al 34 ) and CAR‐T cells (summarized in Lei et al 35 ).…”