The capability of minor quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids to inhibit TNF-α secretion and cyclooxygenase activity

Abstract

Quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids are known to have a wide range of biological effects, including antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antitumour activities. However, only sanguinarine and chelerythrine have been studied intensively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the five minor quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids sanguilutine, sanguirubine, chelirubine, chelilutine, and macarpine in vitro and to compare them with more thoroughly studied sanguinarine and chelerythrine. Before making cellbased assays, the cytotoxicity of the alkaloids was evaluated. The anti-inflammatory potential of the chosen alkaloids was evaluated as for their ability to modulate the lipopolysaccharideinduced secretion of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the macrophage-like cell line THP-1. The cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities were also measured. The results indicate that the presence of a methylenedioxy ring attached at carbon (C)7-C8 is important for reducing the secretion of TNF-α. Interestingly, this effect did not show a simple dependence on concentration. The selected alkaloids showed little or no anti-COX activity. The results obtained from the present experiments may provide additional information useful in understanding the structure-to-activity relationship of the quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids. The antiinflammatory potential and the cytotoxic effect are driven by the presence of a methylenedioxy ring attached at C7-C8 and C2-C3, respectively.

Sanguinarine modulate gut microbiome and intestinal morphology to enhance growth performance in broilers

“…Sanguinarine was found to block tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induced phosphorylation and the degradation of IκBα, an inhibitory protein of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, as well as inhibiting the translocation of the p65 subunit to a nucleus [45]. In this study, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-4 were decreased in sanguinarine group, it is similar to the reported that sanguinarine has antiinflammatory property in vitro and in vivo, and showed a bility to reduce the secretion of TNF-α [46,47].…”

Effects of isoquinoline alkaloids from Macleaya cordata on growth performance, survival, immune response, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…The main bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids, namely sanguinarine and chelerythrine, are well known for their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties [ 8 , 9 ]. It has generally been found that sanguinarine tends to be more active than chelerythrine with respect to these anti-inflammatory [ 10 , 11 ] and antimicrobial activities [ 7 , 12 ], although this result is not without exception [ 13 ]. Regarding the distribution of sanguinarine and chelerythrine within the plant, both alkaloids are found most abundantly in the capsules (32.08 and 7.36 mg/g dry weight, respectively) followed by the aerial part (4.51 and 2.88 mg/g dry weight, respectively), and at very low concentrations in the seeds (0.07 and 0.02 mg/g dry weight, respectively) [ 7 ].…”

Intestinal morphometric changes associated with the use of non-antibiotic feed additives in broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis

“…Sanguinarine has been shown to cause anti-inflammatory effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies, possibly related to a decrease in the secretion of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) [13,41]. As a quaternary benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid, sanguinarine shows an irreversibly inhibitory influence on intestinal aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, thus reducing the production of biogenic amines [42].…”

“…Non-antibiotic feed additives such as postbiotics and sanguinarine-based phytobiotic emerged as alternative solutions to AGPs for performance enhancing purposes [11,12] due to their anti-inflammatory activity and capacity to modulate the immune system [13,14]. However, most results originated from experiments under ideal or favorable production conditions.…”