The CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN60 Family Includes Both Negative and Positive Regulators of Plant Immunity

Different Modes of Negative Regulation of Plant Immunity by Calmodulin-Related Genes

“…In our previous study, we did not detect the enhanced PTI effect in cbp60a 545 (Truman et al, 2013). This disparity is likely attributable to a combination of 546 differences in the experimental conditions, including the concentration of flg22 used 547 and duration of pathogen growth.…”

“…CBP60g and CBP60a bind calmodulin (CaM) in a Ca 2+ -dependent manner 116 (Wang et al, 2009;Truman et al, 2013), while SARD1 does not bind CaM (Wang et 117 al., 2011). These observations implicate the CBP60 proteins in Ca 2+ signaling, which 118 is known to be important for immune responses (for review, see Yuan et al, 2017).…”

Pectin Biosynthesis Is Critical for Cell Wall Integrity and Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…The sequence of the B. cinerea cutinase Bc-CutA (Z69264) can be found in the DNA Data Bank of Japan (http://getentry.ddbj.nig.ac.jp). Germplasm used included dde2-2 (At5g42650; von Malek et al, 2002), pad3-1 (At3g26830; Zhou et al, 1999), pad4-1 (At3g52430; Jirage et al, 1999), sid2-2 (At1g74710; Wildermuth et al, 2001), pbs3-2 (At5g13320, SALK_018225; Nobuta et al, 2007), cbp60a-1 (At5g62570, SALK_124410; Truman et al, 2013), cbp60g-1 sard1-2 (At5g26920, SALK_023199; At1g73805, SALK_052422; Wang et al, 2011), cbp60a-1 cbp60g-1 sard1-2 (Truman et al, 2013), gae1-1 (At4g30440, SALK_085554), gae6-1 (At3g23280, SALK_104454), gae6-2 (At3g23280, SALK_017191), ixr1-1/ cev1 (At5g05170; Ellis and Turner, 2001;Scheible et al, 2001). eds1 plants were derived by introgression of the Landsberg erecta eds1-2 allele into Col-0 that contains two copies of EDS1 (At3g48090 and At3g48080; Bartsch et al, 2006), mpk6-2 (At2g43790, SALK_073907; Liu and Zhang, 2004), mpk3-DG (At3g45640, a fast neutron deletion mutant; Miles et al, 2005), and npr1-1 (At1g64280; Cao et al, 1997).…”

“…The presence of AVRPPHB SUSCEPTIBLE3 (PBS3), a regulator of many immune responses including SA signaling, (Nobuta et al, 2007), was also required for repression of GAE1 and GAE6 at an early time point (Figure 1). CALMODULIN BINDING PROTEIN 60-LIKE a (CBP60a) (a negative regulator of SA synthesis and immunity; Truman et al, 2013), CBP60g, SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1 (SARD1) (both promote SA biosynthesis and regulation of other immune responses; Wang et al, 2011), SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT2 (SID2) encodes a biosynthetic enzyme for SA; Wildermuth et al, 2001), and NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES1 (a regulator of the majority of SA-induced immune signaling; Cao et al, 1997;Yan and Dong, 2014) were not required for this repression (Figure 1; Supplemental Figure 1). Thus, repression of GAE1 and GAE6 requires a regulatory function that is dependent on EDS1 and PAD4, partially dependent on PBS3, but independent of SA.…”

CAMTA-Mediated Regulation of Salicylic Acid Immunity Pathway Genes in Arabidopsis Exposed to Low Temperature and Pathogen Infection

“…These genes include ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 (ICS1), which encodes isochorismic acid synthase, the primary rate-limiting enzymatic step in SA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Dempsey et al, 2011;Wildermuth et al, 2001); CALMODULIN BINDING PROTEIN 60-LIKE.g (CBP60g) and SAR DEFICIENT1 (SARD1), which encode transcription factors that bind to the promoter of ICS1 and stimulate its transcription (Truman et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2010); and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4), which encode putative lipase-like proteins that promote SA accumulation by a poorly understood mechanism (Feys et al, 2001;Venugopal et al, 2009). In camta3 and camta1 camta2 camta3 triple mutant plants, the transcript levels for ICS1, CBP60g, SARD1, EDS1, and PAD4 are much higher than they are in wild-type plants, resulting in the biosynthesis of high levels of SA and the induction of PATHOGENESIS RELATED1 (PR1) and other SA-regulated defense genes (Du et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2013).…”