The burden and determinants of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in a population-based sample of female sex workers in Goa, India

Shahmanesh, Maryam; Cowan, Frances M; Wayal, Sonali; Copas, Andrew; Patel, Vikram; Mabey, David

doi:10.1136/sti.2008.030767

Cited by 60 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…RDS has been used successfully for sampling FSWs, men who have sex with men (MSM), and IDUs. [24][25][26][27][28][29] In addition to recruiting their FSW peers, according to standard RDS methodology, in this study, FSWs were also asked to recruit 1 paying male client and 1 nonpaying male sex partner such as a spouse or boyfriend ( Figure 1). Though the focus of this analysis is on paying male clients of FSWs, nonpaying partners were also allowed to enroll in the study to minimize the likelihood of nonpaying clients falsely claiming to be a paying client due to the recruiter and recruit compensation, resulting in misclassification bias.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging Populations—Sexual Risk Behaviors and HIV Prevalence in Clients and Partners of Female Sex Workers, Bangkok, Thailand 2007

et al. 2011

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The aim of this study is to estimate HIV prevalence and assess sexual behaviors in a high-risk and difficult-to-reach population of clients of female sex workers (FSWs). A modified variation of respondent-driven sampling was conducted among FSWs in Bangkok, where FSWs recruited 3 FSW peers, 1 client, and 1 nonpaying partner. After informed consent was obtained, participants completed a questionnaire, were HIV-tested, and were asked to return for results. Analyses were weighted to control for the design of the survey. Among 540 FSWs, 188 (35%) recruited 1 client, and 88 (16%) recruited 1 nonpaying partner. Clients' median age was 38 years. HIV prevalence was 20% and was associated with younger age at first sexual experience [relative risk (RR) = 3.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-8.24] and condom use during last sexual encounter with regular partner (RR = 3.97, 95% CI 1.09-14.61). Median age of nonpaying partners was 34 years, and HIV prevalence was 15.1%. There were 56 discordant FSW-client pairs and 14 discordant FSW-nonpaying partner pairs. Condom use was relatively high among discordant FSW-client pairs (90.1%) compared to discordant FSW-nonpaying partner pairs (18.7%). Results suggest that sexual partners of FSWs have a high HIV prevalence and can be a bridge for HIV transmission to other populations. Findings also highlight the importance of initiating surveillance and targeted programs for FSW partners, and demonstrate a recruitment method for hard-to-reach populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging Populations—Sexual Risk Behaviors and HIV Prevalence in Clients and Partners of Female Sex Workers, Bangkok, Thailand 2007

et al. 2011

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“…In addition, living in a small rural village may present limited opportunity for sex outside of marriage, so only husbands who travel may have access to other sex partners. Furthermore, this may be the main entry point for HSV-2 into rural communities since sex workers are more common in urban areas and have been shown to have high rates of HSV-2 infection [23]. It is possible that this study overestimated the prevalence of HSV-2 in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 Infection Among Pregnant Women in Rural Mysore Taluk, India

Madhivanan

Bochner

Krupp

et al. 2010

Annals of Epidemiology

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Objectives. To assess the prevalence and determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections among pregnant women attending mobile antenatal health clinic in rural villages in Mysore Taluk, India. Methods. Between January and September 2009, 487 women from 52 villages participated in this study. Each participant consented to provide a blood sample for HSV-2 and HIV testing and underwent an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results. HSV-2 prevalence was 6.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.4-9.0), and one woman tested positive for HIV. The median age of women was 20 years and 99% of women reported having a single lifetime sex partner. Women whose sex partner traveled away from home had 2.68 (CI: 1.13-6.34) times the odds of being HSV-2 seropositive compared to women whose sex partner did not travel. Having experienced genital lesions was also associated with HSV-2 infection ( value = 0.08). Conclusion. The 6.7% HSV-2 prevalence was similar to results obtained in studies among pregnant women in other parts of India. It appeared that most women in this study contracted HSV-2 from their spouses and few regularly used condoms. This finding highlights the need for public health policies to increase awareness and education about prevention methods among women and men living in rural India.

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“…However, in the last few years, this infection has been placed among the most common in high-risk population groups in India (Kumarasamy et al, 2008). Data taken from FSW sample groups show that a high percentage of them are infected with HSV-2, reporting a prevalence of 56 to 73% (Shahmanesh et al, 2009;Uma et al, 2005;Wayal et al, 2011). MSM studies show elevated prevalence as well.…”

Section: Evidence Of Sti In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Sero-Prevalence Among Female Sex Workers and Men Who Have Sex with Men in Ecuador and Andhra Pradesh (India)

Gutiérrez¹,

Atienzo²

2012

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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The burden and determinants of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in a population-based sample of female sex workers in Goa, India

Abstract: Sex workers working in medium prevalence states of India are highly vulnerable to HIV and STI and need to be rapidly incorporated into existing interventions. Structural and gender-based determinants of HIV and STI are integral to HIV prevention strategies.

Cited by 60 publications

References 24 publications

Bridging Populations—Sexual Risk Behaviors and HIV Prevalence in Clients and Partners of Female Sex Workers, Bangkok, Thailand 2007

Bridging Populations—Sexual Risk Behaviors and HIV Prevalence in Clients and Partners of Female Sex Workers, Bangkok, Thailand 2007

The Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 Infection Among Pregnant Women in Rural Mysore Taluk, India

Syphilis and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Sero-Prevalence Among Female Sex Workers and Men Who Have Sex with Men in Ecuador and Andhra Pradesh (India)

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