The biomimetic apatite-cefalotin coatings on modified titanium

Abstract

Dental implant failure often occurs due to oral bacterial infection. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that antibiotic efficacy could be enhanced with modified titanium. First, the titanium was modified by anodization and heat-treatment. Then, a biomimetic coating process was completed in two steps. Surface characterization was performed with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Release of antibiotic was evaluated by UV/VIS spectrometry, and the antibacterial effect was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans. After the second coating step, we observed a thick homogeneous apatite layer that contained the antibiotic, cefalotin. The titanium formed a rutile phase after the heat treatment, and a carbonated apatite phase appeared after biomimetic coating. We found that the modified titanium increased the loading of cefalotin onto the hydroxyapatite coated surface. The results suggested that modified titanium coated with a cefalotin using biomimetic coating method might be useful for preventing local post-surgical implant infections.

Antimicrobial dental implant functionalization strategies —A systematic review

“…An interactive implant surface with pH-dependent or infection-dependent antibiotic release might avoid this shortcoming, but has not yet been introduced to dental implant materials research. Antibiotics are capable of reducing bacterial colonization with S. mutans 22,39) S. epidermidis 31) and S.aureus 38) , P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, P. aeruginosa 40) and E. coli 21,23,36) on titanium surfaces. Chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded titanium surfaces reduce colonization with streptococci and S. aureus in comparison to titanium control [24][25][26] .…”

Current state‐of‐the‐art and future perspectives of the three main modern implant‐dentistry concerns: Aesthetic requirements, mechanical properties, and peri‐implantitis prevention

“…A localized treatment with antibiotics provides a sustained release. Typical coating matrices for controlled release systems are polyesters such as poly‐ε‐caprolactone, biodegradable polymers such as alginate, poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid), and carbonated hydroxyapatite . Biodegradable polymers are extensively employed in periodontal drug delivery devices due to their abundance, lack of toxicity, and high biocompatibility .…”

“…Typical coating matrices for controlled release systems are polyesters such as poly-ε-caprolactone, 99 biodegradable polymers such as alginate, poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid), 100 and carbonated hydroxyapatite. 101,102 Biodegradable polymers are extensively employed in periodontal drug delivery devices due to their abundance, lack of toxicity, and high biocompatibility. 103 Antibiotic-carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings have been applied to titanium-based devices to improve fixation and to control infection.…”

<i>In vitro</i> study on the osteogenesis enhancement effect of BMP-2 incorporated biomimetic apatite coating on titanium surfaces

“…When titanium is immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at the physiological pH value and temperature, a CaP layer can be formed on its surface 15,16) . This CaP coating has been proved to be able to facilitate new bone formation and integration with surrounding bone tissue due to its chemical composition, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity [17][18][19][20] . In addition, it is an ideal carrier for organic molecules that contain carboxylic groups such as BMP-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and antibiotics 17,19,21,22) .…”

“…In addition, it is an ideal carrier for organic molecules that contain carboxylic groups such as BMP-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and antibiotics 17,19,21,22) . When these organic molecules are dissolved in the saturated SBF solution containing calcium and phosphate, they can co-precipitate with the minerals simultaneously, since carboxylic groups have strong binding affinity to calcium ions 18) . Previous study has demonstrated that recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (rhBMP-2) incorporated in CaP coating is potent in stimulating the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the adhering cells 23) .…”