THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 75. <i>Bromus tectorum</i> L.

Upadhyaya, Mahesh K.; McILVRIDE, Douglas; Turkington, Roy

doi:10.4141/cjps86-091

Cited by 90 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…It germinates in the fall when precipitation is sufficient, achieves its maturity in late spring and dies in early summer (Klemmedson and Smith, 1964). Seeds lose dormancy through dry after-ripening over the summer, and then germinate when sufficient moisture is present (Klemmedson and Smith, 1964;Upadhyaya et al, 1986).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spikelets from 2 to 4 cm long are composed of two to eight florets (Upadhyaya et al, 1986). An awn is attached to the surface of the outer membrane, the lemma, of these pubescent or villous florets.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caryopses can be disseminated within a few weeks after maturity by different agents including rain, wind, and animals (Klemmedson and Smith, 1964;Upadhyaya et al, 1986). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as B. tectorum seeds need after-ripening before they can germinate (Upadhyaya et al, 1986), secondary dispersal is likely to take place and redistribute diaspores in space. In our study, the main abiotic dispersal agent was the wind because rainfall events were scarce during early summer.…”

Section: Dispersal Steps and Agents -mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diaspore heteromorphism in the invasive Bromus tectorum L. (Poaceae): Sterile florets increase dispersal propensity and distance

Monty

Maebe

Mahy

et al. 2016

Flora

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Please cite this article as: Monty, Arnaud, Maebe, Laura, Mahy, Grégory, Brown, Cynthia S., Diaspore heteromorphism in the invasive Bromus tectorum L.(Poaceae): sterile florets increase dispersal propensity and distance.Flora http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora. 2016.06.004 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.  Bromus tectorum is a troublesome invasive grass in North America.  The sterility of terminal florets induces a diaspore heteromorphism.  Dispersal of diaspores with and without sterile florets attached was investigated.  Primary and secondary dispersal by biotic and abiotic agents were considered.  Across the study, diaspores with sterile florets were better dispersers. 2 AbstractWithin a species, the distance travelled by a particular diaspore depends on its morphology. In Poaceae, the presence of terminal sterile florets can lead to diaspore heteromorphism, which may influence dispersal. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of sterile florets favored dispersal in Bromus tectorum L., an invasive grass in the Western US.We used field and controlled experiments to study the dispersal of caryopses with and without sterile florets attached (respectively complex and simple diaspores), as well as pieces of inflorescence that detached from the mother plants. We considered both primary and secondary dispersal, as well as abiotic and biotic dispersal agents. The distance travelled by the diaspores and their attachment to animal fur were related to the presence and number of sterile florets.Abiotic agents moved diaspores over relatively short distances, both in terms of primary and secondary dispersal. A significant proportion of diaspores attached to fur, suggesting a potential for dispersal over longdistances. Complex diaspores were better dispersers than simple ones (and pieces of inflorescence), and this pattern was consistent across the study. However, among complex diaspores, the number of sterile florets had little or no influence.Considering primary and secondary dispersal by abiotic and biotic agents provided a general picture of the dispersal ecology of B. tectorum. For all the dispersal steps and dispersal agents we studied, the presence of sterile florets favored dispersal. These results highlight the functional significance of diaspore heteromorphism induced by floret sterility in the dispersal of Poaceae.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caryopses can be disseminated within a few weeks after maturity by different agents including rain, wind, and animals (Klemmedson and Smith, 1964;Upadhyaya et al, 1986). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dispersal Steps and Agents -mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Diaspore heteromorphism in the invasive Bromus tectorum L. (Poaceae): Sterile florets increase dispersal propensity and distance

Monty

Maebe

Mahy

et al. 2016

Flora

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“…Downy brome has been introduced into Australia, New Zealand, Japan, temperate South America (Upadhyaya et al 1986), Britain (Stace 1997), and North America where it is not restricted to grasslands but rather occurs on widely to varying degrees throughout the contiguous United States except in Florida and Alaska (Hitchcock and Chase 1971). It also has been introduced into Hawaii (Upadhyaya et al 1986). USDA Plants Database, however, indicates that downy brome exists in all state of the U.S. including Florida and Alaska.…”

Section: Origin History Current Distribution Originmentioning

confidence: 99%