The Bilingual Brain

Ojemann, George A.; Whitaker, Harry A.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1978.00500310011002

Cited by 313 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is important to note that distinct Hebrew naming and reading sites were also found in areas distant from his first resection --such as in the middle frontal and angular gyri for naming and the supramarginal gyrus for reading. These results suggest that the distinct sites found for L2 are not solely due to the functional reorganization of the secondary language but represent the detection of genuine distinct sites that is consistent with other cortical stimulation studies of bilinguals 26,33,42,45,46,54 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Identification of distinct and overlapping cortical areas for bilingual naming and reading using cortical stimulation

Serafini¹,

Gururangan

Friedman

et al. 2008

PED

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✓A bilingual pediatric patient who underwent tumor resection was mapped extraoperatively using cortical stimulation to preserve English and Hebrew languages. The authors mapped both languages by using 4 tasks: 1) English visual naming, 2) Hebrew visual naming, 3) read English/respond Hebrew, and 4) Hebrew reading. Essential cortical sites for primary and secondary languages were compared, photographically recorded, and plotted onto a schematic brain of the patient. Three types of sites were found in this patient: 1) multiuse sites (multiple tasks, both languages) in frontal, temporal, and parietal areas; 2) single-task sites (1 task, both languages) in postcentral and parietal areas; and 3) single-use sites (1 task, 1 language) in frontal, temporal, and parietal areas. These results lend support to the concept that bilingual patients can have distinct cortical representations of each language and of different language tasks, in addition to overlapping or shared sites that support both languages and multiple tasks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Identification of distinct and overlapping cortical areas for bilingual naming and reading using cortical stimulation

Serafini¹,

Gururangan

Friedman

et al. 2008

PED

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“…This finding is consistent with electrostimulation (Ojemann and Whitaker 1978;Rapport, Tan et al 1983) and neuroimaging (Chee, Soon et al 2003;Klein, Zatorre et al 2006) evidence. Recovery from bilingual aphasia may follow eight different patterns (Paradis 1989).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Translating with an Injured Brain: Neurolinguistic Aspects of Translation as Revealed by Bilinguals with Cerebral Lesions

García

2015

meta

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Despite significant progress in the psycholinguistic study of translation, research on its neurological underpinnings has been limited and sparse. Translation scholars have recently taken an interest in relevant neuroscientific evidence, focusing on imaging studies. This paper addresses the issue by considering an equally important body of data: clinical evidence. Specifically, a hypothesis-driven analysis is offered of 21 cases of brain-lesioned bilinguals exhibiting translation disorders. Three neurofunctional and three neuroanatomical hypotheses are derived from the Revised Hierarchical Model and the Declarative/Procedural Model, respectively. Consistent with relevant predictions, the evidence suggests that there are neurofunctionally independent routes for translation, as opposed to monolingual speech production; backward, as opposed to forward, translation; and form-based, as opposed to conceptually mediated, translation. Available data further indicates that word and sentence translation are critically subserved by posterior brain areas implicated in declarative memory, and by frontobasal areas implicated in procedural memory, respectively. In addition, translation routes appear to be entirely left-lateralized.Malgré les progrès dans l’étude psycholinguistique de la traduction, l’exploration de ses bases cérébrales s’avère limitée et dispersée. La traductologie a commencé à s’intéresser aux données neuroscientifiques pertinentes en se focalisant sur des études d’imagerie cérébrale. Pour aborder la question, cet article considère une source de renseignements également importante : les données cliniques. En particulier, la présente revue offre une interprétation de 21 cas de patients cérébrolésés bilingues avec troubles de la traduction. Trois hypothèses neurofonctionnelles et trois hypothèses neuroanatomiques sont proposées à partir du modèle hiérarchique et du modèle déclaratif/procédural, respectivement. En faveur des prédictions pertinentes, les données suggèrent qu’il y a des voies neurofonctionnelles indépendantes pour la traduction et la production verbale unilingue ; pour la traduction directe et la traduction inversée ; et pour la traduction au niveau formel et au niveau conceptuel. De plus, les données indiquent que la traduction de mots et de phrases dépendent de régions cérébrales postérieures impliquées dans la mémoire déclarative, et de régions frontobasales impliquées dans la mémoire procédurale, respectivement. Aussi, les voies de traduction semblent être localisées exclusivement dans l’hémisphère gauche

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“…Electrocorticographic stimulation of the dominant perisylvian region in bilingual patients revealed different but overlapping areas for each language. [2][3][4] Sequential recovery of two languages over different time courses was also observed after the Wada test. 5 At the lexical level, fMRI studies confirmed the shared neural substrates for L1 and L2 with distinct neuronal populations displaying language specific responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The cortical representation of different languages in multilingual individuals is controversial because of inconsistent findings in the literature. [1][2][3] Two key hypotheses have been proposed on the basis of experimental studies of normal multilingual subjects: the age and the stage hypotheses. 1 The age hypothesis emphasizes the age of second language (L2) acquisition as most important in L2 laterality; acquisition after 6 years results in identical lateralization of L1 and L2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%