The behavior of trace elements in seawater, sedimentary pore water, and their incorporation into carbonate minerals: a review

Smrzka, Daniel; Zwicker, Jennifer; Bach, Wolfgang; Dong, Feng; Himmler, Tobias; Chen, D.; Peckmann, Jörn

doi:10.1007/s10347-019-0581-4

Cited by 133 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 536 publications

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“…REEs, in particular Ce and Eu, are widely used to reconstruct the redox evolution of the carbonate system [1,64,85,94]. Carbonate minerals, especially calcite, can be considered long-term repositories of lanthanides [8,95]. Therefore, carbonate sedimentologists have focused on a wide range of marine carbonate components such as reefal microbialites (e.g., [6,17]), reefal carbonate (e.g., [4]), laminae of ooids (e.g., [85]), belemnites (e.g., [8]) and micritic limestones (e.g., [86]) for the reconstruction of ancient paleoenvironmental conditions.…”

Section: Diagenetic Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their REE + Y patterns do not always exhibit a typical seawater signature, even though the REE signature is thought to be inherited from their parental seawater [1][2][3][4]18,82,[87][88][89][90] because original REE patterns can be significantly altered during diagenesis under high water-rock ratios [4,6,81,91]. However, complete mineral dissolution is necessary to lead to an effective loss of trace elements, including REEs, from the mineral lattice (e.g., [95]).…”

Section: Diagenetic Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

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REE Characteristics of Lower Cretaceous Limestone Succession in Gümüşhane, NE Turkey: Implications for Ocean Paleoredox Conditions and Diagenetic Alteration

et al. 2020

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Trace and rare earth elements (REEs) are considered to be reliable indicators of chemical processes for the evolution of carbonate systems. One of the best examples of ancient carbonate successions (Berdiga Formation) is widely exposed in NE Turkey. The Lower Cretaceous limestone succession of Berdiga Formation may provide a case study that reveals the effect of ocean paleoredox conditions on diagenetic alteration. Measurement of major, trace and REEs was carried out on the Lower Cretaceous limestones of the Berdiga Formation, to reveal proxies for paleoredox conditions and early diagenetic controls on their geochemistry. Studied micritic limestone microfacies (MF-1 to MF-3) indicate deposition in the inner platform to a deep shelf or continental slope paleoenvironment during the Hauterivian-Albian. The studied limestone samples mainly exhibit low Mg-calcite characteristics with the general chemical formula of Ca98.35–99.34Mg0.66–1.65(CO3). They are mostly represented by a diagnostic REE seawater signature including (1) slight LREE depletion relative to the HREEs (ave. 0.72 of Nd/YbN and ave. 0.73 of Pr/YbN), (2) negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* = 0.38–0.81; ave. 0.57), (3) positive La anomaly (La/La* = 0.21–3.02; ave. 1.75) and (4) superchondritic Y/Ho (ave. 46.26). Studied micritic limestones have predominantly low Hf (bdl to 0.5 µg/g), Sc (bdl to 2 µg/g) Th (bdl to 0.9 µg/g) contents suggesting negligible to minor shale contamination. These findings imply that micritic limestones faithfully record chemical signals of their parental and diagenetic fluids. The succession also exhibits high ratios of Eu/Eu* (1.01–1.65; ave. 1.29 corresponding to the positive Eu anomalies), Sm/Yb (1.26–2.74; ave. 1.68) and La/Yb ratios (0.68–1.35; ave. 0.9) compared to modern seawater and wide range of Y/Ho ratios (29.33–70.00; ave. 46.26) which are between seawater and hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts. Several lines of geochemical evidence suggest water-rock interaction between parental seawater and basaltic rocks at elevated temperatures triggered by hydrothermal activity associated with Early Cretaceous basaltic magma generation. The range of Ce/Ce* values is suggestive of mostly oxic to dysoxic paleoceanographic conditions, with a sudden change to dysoxic conditions (Ce/Ce* = 0.71–0.81), in the uppermost part of the MF-1. This is followed by an abrupt deepening paleoenvironment with a relative increase in the oxic state of the seawater and deposition of deeper water sediments (MF-2 and MF-3) above a sharp transition. The differences in microfacies characteristics and foraminifera assemblage between MF-1 and overlying facies (MF-2 and MF-3) may also confirm the change in paleoceanographic conditions. Therefore, REEs data obtained from studied limestones have the potential to contribute important information as to regional paleoceanographic conditions of Tethys during an important period in Earth history.

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Section: Diagenetic Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagenetic Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

REE Characteristics of Lower Cretaceous Limestone Succession in Gümüşhane, NE Turkey: Implications for Ocean Paleoredox Conditions and Diagenetic Alteration

et al. 2020

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“…The trend steadily increases from a loess composition analysed by [56] that we used as the best representative for a upper continental crust (UCC) via marine ferro-manganese nodules [82] and the Phanerozoic marine carbonate reference material CAL-S [30] towards our values obtained in individual leachates L1 to L5 from the basal Datangpo formation. We argue that this authigenic Cd enrichment trend (1) was mainly governed by the incorporation of Cd into OM in the water column and accumulation in authigenic phases in marine sediments [52] relative to the UCC and Mn nodules (hence authigenic nondetrital phases showed lower Ti concentrations). Two further trends can be observed: The Cd adsorption trend (2) is defined by a straight increase of Cd/Zn ratios with no relative variation in Cd over Mn, Cu, Ni, and Mo rations, respectively (Figure 4b-e).…”

Section: (Bio)geochemical Cycling Of CD Isotopes In the Nanhua Basinmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These methods have shown to be reliable proxies to assess the relative enrichment of vital elements in marine lithologies and (bio)geochemical cycling of these elements in the ancient ocean. However, these proxies are prone to diagenetic modification, especially in the case of redox sensitive and fluid-mobile elements, which are strongly influenced by intermittent oxidizing conditions in the pore water space, remobilizing trace metals and redistributing them within the sediment body [52]. To achieve a better understanding of the element cycling within the water column and the redistribution within the sediment body a holistic view at the level of each individual phase within a mixed sediment lithology is useful.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trace Metal and Cd Isotope Systematics of the Basal Datangpo Formation, Yangtze Platform (South China) Indicate Restrained (Bio)Geochemical Metal Cycling in Cryogenian Seawater

et al. 2020

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The behaviour of bioavailable trace metals and their stable isotopes in the modern oceans is controlled by uptake into phototrophic organisms and adsorption on and incorporation into marine authigenic minerals. Among other bioessential metals, Cd and its stable isotopes have recently been used in carbonate lithologies as novel tracer for changes in the paleo primary productivity and (bio)geochemical cycling. However, many marine sediments that were deposited during geologically highly relevant episodes and which, thus, urgently require study for a better understanding of the paleo environment are rather composed of a mixture of organic matter (OM), and detrital and authigenic minerals. In this study, we present Cd concentrations and their isotopic compositions as well as trace metal concentrations from sequential leachates of OM-rich shales of the Cryogenian basal Datangpo Formation, Yangtze Platform (South China). Our study shows variable distribution of conservative and bioavailable trace metals as well as Cd isotope compositions between sequential leachates of carbonate, OM, sulphide, and silicate phases. We show that the Cd isotope compositions obtained from OM leachates can be used to calculate the ambient Cryogenian surface seawater of the restricted Nanhua Basin by applying mass balance calculations. By contrast, early diagenetic Mn carbonates and sulphides incorporated the residual Cd from dissolved organic matter that was in isotopic equilibrium with deep/pore waters of the Nanhua Basin. Our model suggests that the Cd isotopic composition of surface seawater at that time reached values of modern oxygenated surface oceans. However, the deep water Cd isotope composition was substantially heavier than that of modern fully oxygenated oceans and rather resembles deep waters with abundant sulphide precipitation typical for modern oxygen minimum zones. This argues for incomplete recycling of Cd and other bioavailable metals shortly after the Sturtian glaciation in the redox stratified Cryogenian Nanhua Basin. Our study highlights the importance of sequential leaching procedures when dealing with impure authigenic sediments such as OM-rich carbonates, mudstones, or shales to achieve reliable trace metal concentrations and Cd isotope compositions as proxies for (bio)geochemical metal cycling in past aquatic systems.

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“…Aragonite is orthorhombic and tends to incorporate larger cations (e.g., Sr, Ba, U), while calcite is rhombohedral and accommodates smaller cations (e.g., Mg, Mn; [44,45]). Hence, aragonite cement typically yields significantly higher Sr and lower Mg contents than calcite (e.g., [44,46]).…”

Section: Geochemical Features Of Primary Lmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Element Patterns of Primary Low-Magnesium Calcite from the Seafloor of the Gulf of Mexico

et al. 2020

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High-magnesium calcite (HMC) and aragonite are metastable minerals, which tend to convert into low-magnesium calcite (LMC) and dolomite. During this process, primary compositions are frequently altered, resulting in the loss of information regarding the formation environment and the nature of fluids from which the minerals precipitated. Petrological characteristics have been used to recognize primary LMC, however, neither the element distribution within primary LMC nor the effect of diagenetic alteration on element composition have been studied in detail. Here, two mostly authigenic carbonate lithologies from the northern Gulf of Mexico dominated by primary LMC were investigated to distinguish element compositions of primary LMC from LMC resulting from diagenetic alteration. Primary LMC reveals similar or lower Sr/Ca ratios than primary HMC. The lack of covariation between Sr/Ca ratios and Mg/Ca ratios in the studied primary LMCs are unlike compositions observed for LMC resulting from diagenetic alteration. The Sr/Mn ratios and Mn contents of the primary LMCs are negatively correlated, similar to secondary, diagenetic LMC. Element mapping for Sr and Mg in the primary LMC lithologies revealed no evidence of conversion from aragonite or HMC to LMC, and a homogenous distribution of Mn is in accordance with the absence of late diagenetic alteration. Our results confirm that Sr/Ca ratios, Mg/Ca ratios, and element systematics of primary LMC are indeed distinguishable from diagenetically altered carbonates, enabling the utilization of element geochemistry in recognizing primary signals in carbonate archives.

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The behavior of trace elements in seawater, sedimentary pore water, and their incorporation into carbonate minerals: a review

Cited by 133 publications

References 536 publications

REE Characteristics of Lower Cretaceous Limestone Succession in Gümüşhane, NE Turkey: Implications for Ocean Paleoredox Conditions and Diagenetic Alteration

REE Characteristics of Lower Cretaceous Limestone Succession in Gümüşhane, NE Turkey: Implications for Ocean Paleoredox Conditions and Diagenetic Alteration

Trace Metal and Cd Isotope Systematics of the Basal Datangpo Formation, Yangtze Platform (South China) Indicate Restrained (Bio)Geochemical Metal Cycling in Cryogenian Seawater

Element Patterns of Primary Low-Magnesium Calcite from the Seafloor of the Gulf of Mexico

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