The atmospheric corrosion of quaternary bronzes: The leaching action of acid rain

Bernardi, Elena; Chiavari, Cristina; Lenza, Benina; Martini, Carla; Morselli, Luciano; Ospitali, Francesca; Robbiola, Luc

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2008.10.008

Cited by 86 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Schutz et al (1997) studied the effect of acid saline mist on the corrosion of glass mirrors [8]. Other studies are based on the effects of acid rain on unglazed solar absorber surfaces [9] as well as in other type of materials, such as cement concrete [10] and metallic alloys [11,12], using simulated tests. In the work performed by Graedel (1992), corrosion mechanisms of silver can be found [13].…”

Section: Acid Deposition Effects On Solar Reflectorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Study of the Effect of Acid Atmospheres in Solar Reflectors Durability under Accelerated Aging Conditions

Fernández-García¹,

Díaz-Franco²,

Ochoa-Martínez

et al. 2014

Energy Procedia

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Section: Acid Deposition Effects On Solar Reflectorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Study of the Effect of Acid Atmospheres in Solar Reflectors Durability under Accelerated Aging Conditions

Fernández-García¹,

Díaz-Franco²,

Ochoa-Martínez

et al. 2014

Energy Procedia

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“…Subsequently, in the second step,gilded bronze was aged in conditions more closely simulating different outdoor exposures(wet&dry and dropping tests [40,41], simulating exposure to stagnant rain and to runoff, respectively). The aim of this secondstep was both to reproduce the typical corrosion features of real gilded bronzes (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric corrosion of fire-gilded bronze: corrosion and corrosion protection during accelerated ageing tests

et al. 2015

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Fire-gilded bronze (replicating the materials of Lorenzo Ghiberti’s Paradise Door (Baptistery of Florence, 1452)) was aged in runoff/stagnant conditions by accelerated exposure tests in synthetic acid rain. After preliminary electrochemical investigations, a detailed characterization of gilded bronze samples before and after artificial ageing tests followed. Surface and cross-sections analyses were performed by FIB/FEG-SEM, SEM/EDS and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The protective efficiency of a coating based on 3-mercapto-propyl-trimethoxy-silane was also quantitatively assessed by GF-AAS through analysis of metal release, while the aesthetical appearance of coated and uncoated gilded bronze before and after ageing was evaluated by colour measurements

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“…Here again the higher values can reasonably be attributed to the emissions of the heavy traffic (cars, heavy diesel-run vehicles, taxis, motorcycles) running along the road at about three meters distance from ND, which is therefore directly exposed, while SD is only indirectly exposed. At both ND and SD the ions NH 4 + and SO 4 = show the same mean seasonal trend, which seems to point to a common origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Because of its location, northern door (ND) turns out to be more exposed to the action of atmospheric multi-pollutants than southern door (SD), nearly always showing higher concentrations of TSP, NCC and NO 3 -. While the mean concentration of SO 4 = gradually decreases over time, that of NO 3 -undergoes an increase from 2003 to 2004, especially in winter and spring. In all seasons, concentrations of the nitrate anion at ND are higher than those measured at SD, in both 2003 and 2004, and this difference can be attributed to the emissions of the intense vehicular traffic characterizing the road adjacent to ND.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus the monitoring pollution and surface deposition must be among the main goals in cultural heritage preservation [3]. In urban areas, outdoor stone and metal artworks are particularly vulnerable to pollutant action [4,5], particularly to gases and particles from combustion processes, the main cause of the aesthetic and material damage encountered today on the monumental and built heritage [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of atmospheric particle monitoring in the protection of cultural heritage

Ozga

Ghedini

Bonazza

et al. 2009

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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It is now well known that air pollution is responsible for the accelerated damage encountered on cultural heritage located outdoors. Although several works on atmospheric pollutants have been performed, studies of atmospheric pollutant monitoring close to monuments remain rare. In addition, the few cases reported in the literature mostly regard indoor environments. As the protection and conservation of monuments and historic buildings constitutes a priority for each country, knowledge of particle composition near monuments over time is an important issue in conservation strategies. For this reason, the atmosphere in proximity of the Florence Baptistery, located in the city centre, was continuously monitored during 2003 and 2004 by means of aerosol sampling performed close to two of the three doors of the monument. In particular, the monitoring was performed close to the North Door, realized by Lorenzo Ghiberti (1403-1424), currently utilized as the entrance to the monument, and the South Door, a masterpiece of Andrea Pisano (1330), employed as the exit for visitors. The sampling sites were characterized by different expositions to road traffic emissions. The non-carbonate carbon and soluble ionic components of the total suspended matter were measured. The data obtained is presented and discussed with the goal of contributing to the formulation of guidelines for a suitable safeguard of the built cultural heritage.

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The atmospheric corrosion of quaternary bronzes: The leaching action of acid rain

Cited by 86 publications

References 36 publications

Study of the Effect of Acid Atmospheres in Solar Reflectors Durability under Accelerated Aging Conditions

Study of the Effect of Acid Atmospheres in Solar Reflectors Durability under Accelerated Aging Conditions

Atmospheric corrosion of fire-gilded bronze: corrosion and corrosion protection during accelerated ageing tests

The importance of atmospheric particle monitoring in the protection of cultural heritage

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