The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Act-Cl J0102–4915 “El Gordo,” a Massive Merging Cluster at Redshift 0.87

Menanteau, F.; Hughes, John P.; Sifón, Cristobál; Hilton, Matthew; González, Jorge; Infante, L.; Barrientos, L. Felipe; Baker, A. J.; Bond, J. R.; Das, Sudeep; Devlin, Mark J.; Dunkley, Joanna; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Kosowsky, Arthur; Marsden, Danica; Marriage, Tobias A.; Moodley, Kavilan; Niemack, Michael D.; Nolta, Michael R.; Page, Lyman A.; Reese, Erik D.; Sehgal, Neelima; Sievers, Jonathan; Spergel, David N.; Staggs, Suzanne T.; Wollack, Edward J.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/748/1/7

Cited by 191 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…These halos are located at the two regions that appear to have the densest galaxy distribution in the cluster, in the southeast and in the northwest of the field of view. Z13 noted that the mass ratio between the SE and NW clumps is 1.5:1, an opposite trend from the velocity dispersion measured by Menanteau et al 2012. Similarly to Z13, we find that within the strong lensing regime (500 kpc) the SE clump is somewhat more massive than the NW clump, with a projected mass density ratio of 1.19:1.…”

Section: Act-clj0102-49151supporting

confidence: 63%

RELICS: Strong Lens Models for Five Galaxy Clusters from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

Cerny

Sharon

Andrade-Santos

et al. 2018

ApJ

136

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Strong gravitational lensing by galaxy clusters magnifies background galaxies, enhancing our ability to discover statistically significant samples of galaxies at z 6 > , in order to constrain the high-redshift galaxy luminosity functions. Here, we present the first five lens models out of the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS) Hubble Treasury Program, based on new HST WFC3/IR and ACS imaging of the clusters RXCJ0142.9+4438, Abell2537, Abell2163, RXCJ2211.7-0349, and ACT-CLJ0102-49151. The derived lensing magnification is essential for estimating the intrinsic properties of high-redshift galaxy candidates, and properly accounting for the survey volume. We report on new spectroscopic redshifts of multiply imaged lensed galaxies behind these clusters, which are used as constraints, and detail our strategy to reduce systematic uncertainties due to lack of spectroscopic information. In addition, we quantify the uncertainty on the lensing magnification due to statistical and systematic errors related to the lens modeling process, and find that in all but one cluster, the magnification is constrained to better than 20% in at least 80% of the field of view, including statistical and systematic uncertainties. The five clusters presented in this paper span the range of masses and redshifts of the clusters in the RELICS program. We find that they exhibit similar strong lensing efficiencies to the clusters targeted by the Hubble Frontier Fields within the WFC3/IR field of view. Outputs of the lens models are made available to the community through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.

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Section: Act-clj0102-49151supporting

confidence: 63%

RELICS: Strong Lens Models for Five Galaxy Clusters from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

Cerny

Sharon

Andrade-Santos

et al. 2018

ApJ

136

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“…Some otherwise promising clusters (e.g., El Gordo; Menanteau et al 2012) could not be evaluated, because insufficient lensing model constraints were available at the time of selection.…”

Section: Uvmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frontier Fields: Survey Design and Initial Results

Lotz

Koekemoer

Coe

et al. 2017

ApJ

590

574

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What are the faintest distant galaxies we can see with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) now, before the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope? This is the challenge taken up by the Frontier Fields, a Director's discretionary time campaign with HST and the Spitzer Space Telescope to see deeper into the universe than ever before. The Frontier Fields combines the power of HST and Spitzer with the natural gravitational telescopes of massive highmagnification clusters of galaxies to produce the deepest observations of clusters and their lensed galaxies ever obtained. Six clusters-Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403, MACSJ0717.5+3745, MACSJ1149.5+2223, Abell S1063, and Abell 370-have been targeted by the HST ACS/WFC and WFC3/IR cameras with coordinated parallel fields for over 840 HST orbits. The parallel fields are the second-deepest observations thus far by HST with 5σ point-source depths of ∼29th ABmag. Galaxies behind the clusters experience typical magnification factors of a few, with small regions magnified by factors of 10-100. Therefore, the Frontier Field cluster HST images achieve intrinsic depths of ∼30-33 mag over very small volumes. Spitzer has obtained over 1000 hr of Director's discretionary imaging of the Frontier Field cluster and parallels in IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 μm bands to 5σ point-source depths of ∼26.5, 26.0 ABmag. We demonstrate the exceptional sensitivity of the HST Frontier Field images to faint high-redshift galaxies, and review the initial results related to the primary science goals.

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“…However, it is still interesting to note that recent studies have found a number of massive high-redshift galaxy clusters whose masses are not comfortably reconciled with the predictions of the current ΛCDM models when their parent survey volumes are chosen as the normalization volume (e.g., Jee et al 2009, Menanteau et al 2012Foley et al 2011;J. Kim et al in prep).…”

Section: Raritymentioning

confidence: 99%

First Weak-lensing Results from “See Change”: Quantifying Dark Matter in the Two z ≳ 1.5 High-redshift Galaxy Clusters SPT-CL J2040–4451 and IDCS J1426+3508

Jee

Perlmutter

et al. 2017

ApJ

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We present a weak-lensing study of SPT-CL J2040-4451 and IDCS J1426+3508 at z = 1.48 and 1.75, respectively. The two clusters were observed in our "See Change" program, a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) survey of 12 massive high-redshift clusters aimed at high-z supernova measurements and weak-lensing estimation of accurate cluster masses. We detect weak but significant galaxy shape distortions using infrared images from the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), which has not yet been used for weak-lensing studies. Both clusters appear to possess relaxed morphology in projected mass distribution, and their mass centroids agree nicely with those defined by both the galaxy luminosity and X-ray emission. Using a Navarro-Frenk-White profile, for which we assume that the mass is tightly correlated with the concentration parameter, we determine the masses of SPT-CL J2040-4451 and IDCS J1426+3508 to be M 200 = 8.6+1.7 −1.4 × 10 14 M and 2.2 +1.1 −0.7 × 10 14 M , respectively. The weak-lensing mass of SPT-CL J2040-4451 shows that the cluster is clearly a rare object. Adopting the central value, the expected abundance of such a massive cluster at z 1.48 is only ∼0.07 in the parent 2500 sq. deg. survey. However, it is yet premature to claim that the presence of this cluster creates a serious tension with the current ΛCDM paradigm unless that tension will remain in future studies after marginalizing over many sources of uncertainties such as the accuracy of the mass function and the mass-concentration relation at the high mass end. The mass of IDCS J1426+3508 is in excellent agreement with our previous Advanced Camera for Surveys-based weak-lensing result while the much higher source density from our WFC3 imaging data makes the current statistical uncertainty ∼40% smaller.

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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Act-Cl J0102–4915 “El Gordo,” a Massive Merging Cluster at Redshift 0.87

Cited by 191 publications

References 86 publications

RELICS: Strong Lens Models for Five Galaxy Clusters from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

RELICS: Strong Lens Models for Five Galaxy Clusters from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey

The Frontier Fields: Survey Design and Initial Results

First Weak-lensing Results from “See Change”: Quantifying Dark Matter in the Two z ≳ 1.5 High-redshift Galaxy Clusters SPT-CL J2040–4451 and IDCS J1426+3508

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