The Association between Supraphysiologic Arterial Oxygen Levels and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients. A Multicenter Observational Cohort Study

Palmer, Edward; Post, Benjamin; Klapaukh, Roman; Marra, Giampiero; MacCallum, NS; Brealey, David; Ercole, Ari; Jones, Andrew; Ashworth, Simon; Watkinson, Peter; Beale, Richard; Sj, Brett; Young, Jamey D.; Black, Claire; Rashan, Aasiyah; Martin, Daniel; Singer, Mervyn; Harris, Steve

doi:10.1164/rccm.201904-0849oc

Cited by 76 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Although elderly people possess a higher mortality rate, a high number of young COVID-19 patients receive mechanical ventilation due to low blood oxygen saturation and difficulty breathing [100]. Mortality was increased in patients even with moderate hyperoxemia (with Pa (O2)> 100 mm Hg), staying for 1 to 7 days on artificial respiration apparatuses, as shown by the multicenter cohort observational study [101]. Ventilation was reported to enhance pulmonary inflammation in acute lung damage [102] and increased oxidative stress in the alveoli [103].…”

Section: Can Melatonin Reduce the Risk Of Mechanical Ventilation?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?

Shneider

Kudriavtsev

Vakhrusheva

2020

International Reviews of Immunology

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating events in recent history. The virus causes relatively minor damage to young, healthy populations, imposing life-threatening danger to the elderly and people with diseases of chronic inflammation. Therefore, if we could reduce the risk for vulnerable populations, it would make the COVID-19 pandemic more similar to other typical outbreaks. Children don't suffer from COVID-19 as much as their grandparents and have a much higher melatonin level. Bats are nocturnal animals possessing high levels of melatonin, which may contribute to their high anti-viral resistance. Viruses induce an explosion of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and melatonin is the best natural antioxidant that is lost with age. The programmed cell death coronaviruses cause, which can result in significant lung damage, is also inhibited by melatonin. Coronavirus causes inflammation in the lungs which requires inflammasome activity. Melatonin blocks these inflammasomes. General immunity is impaired by anxiety and sleep deprivation. Melatonin improves sleep habits, reduces anxiety and stimulates immunity. Fibrosis may be the most dangerous complication after COVID-19. Melatonin is known to prevent fibrosis. Mechanical ventilation may be necessary but yet imposes risks due to oxidative stress, which can be reduced by melatonin. Thus, by using the safe over-the-counter drug melatonin, we may be immediately able to prevent the development of severe disease symptoms in coronavirus patients, reduce the severity of their symptoms, and/or reduce the immuno-pathology of coronavirus infection on patients' health after the active phase of the infection is over. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Can Melatonin Reduce the Risk Of Mechanical Ventilation?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?

Shneider

Kudriavtsev

Vakhrusheva

2020

International Reviews of Immunology

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although elderly people possess a higher mortality rate, a high number of young COVID-19 patients receive mechanical ventilation due to low blood oxygen saturation and difficulty breathing [103]. Mortality was increased in patients even with moderate hyperoxemia (with Pa (O2)> 100 mm Hg), staying for 1 to 7 days on artificial respiration apparatuses, as shown by the multicenter cohort observational study [104]. Ventilation was reported to enhance pulmonary inflammation in acute lung damage [105] and increased oxidative stress in the alveoli [106].…”

Section: Can Melatonin Reduce the Risk Of Mechanical Ventilation?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Can Melatonin Reduce the Severity of COVID-19 Pandemic?

Shneider

Kudriavtsev

Vakhrusheva

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating events in recent history. The virus causes relatively minor damage to young, healthy populations, imposing life-threatening danger to the elderly and people with diseases of chronic inflammation. Therefore, if we could reduce the risk for vulnerable populations, it would make the COVID-19 pandemic more similar to other typical outbreaks. Children don’t suffer from COVID-19 as much as their grandparents and have a much higher melatonin level. Bats are nocturnal animals possessing high levels of melatonin, which may contribute to their high anti-viral resistance. Viruses induce an explosion of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and melatonin is the best natural antioxidant that is lost with age. The programmed cell death coronaviruses cause, which can result in significant lung damage, is also inhibited by melatonin. Coronavirus causes inflammation in the lungs which requires inflammasome activity. Melatonin blocks these inflammasomes. General immunity is impaired by anxiety and sleep deprivation. Melatonin improves sleep habits, reduces anxiety and stimulates immunity. Fibrosis may be the most dangerous complication after COVID-19. Melatonin is known to prevent fibrosis. Mechanical ventilation may be necessary but yet imposes risks due to oxidative stress, which can be reduced by melatonin. Thus, by using the safe over-the-counter drug melatonin, we may be immediately able to prevent the development of severe disease symptoms in coronavirus patients, reduce the severity of their symptoms, and/or reduce the immuno-pathology of coronavirus infection on patients’ health after the active phase of the infection is over.

show abstract

“…Although elderly people possess a higher mortality rate, a high number of young COVID-19 patients receive mechanical ventilation due to low blood oxygen saturation and difficulty breathing [91]. Mortality was increased in patients even with moderate hyperoxemia (with Pa (O2)> 100 mm Hg), staying for 1 to 7 days on artificial respiration apparatuses, as shown by the multicenter cohort observational study [92]. Ventilation was reported to enhance pulmonary inflammation in acute lung damage [93] and increased oxidative stress in the alveoli [94].…”

Section: Can Melatonin Reduce the Risk Of Mechanical Ventilation?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Can Melatonin Reduce the Severity of COVID-19 Pandemic?

Shneider¹,

Kudriavtsev²,

Vakhrusheva³

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating events in recent history. The virus causes relatively minor damage to young, healthy populations, imposing lifethreatening danger to the elderly and people with diseases of chronic inflammation. So, if we could reduce the risk for vulnerable populations, it would make the COVID-19 pandemic more similar to other typical outbreaks. Children do not suffer from COVID-19 as much as their grandparents and have a much higher melatonin level. Bats also do not suffer from the virus they transmit, and bats too have a much higher level of melatonin. Viruses generate an explosion of reactive oxygen species, and melatonin is the best natural antioxidant that is lost with age. Melatonin inhibits the programmed cell death which coronaviruses induce, causing significant lung damage. Coronavirus causes inflammation in the lungs which requires inflammasome activity. Melatonin blocks the inflammasome. The immune response is impaired by anxiety and sleep deprivation. Melatonin improves sleep habits, reduces anxiety and stimulates immunity. Fibrosis may be the most dangerous complication after COVID-19. Melatonin is known to prevent fibrosis. Mechanical ventilation may be necessary but yet imposes risks due to oxidative stress, which can be reduced by melatonin. Thus, by using the safe over-the-counter drug melatonin, we may be immediately able to prevent the development of severe disease symptoms in coronavirus patients, reduce the severity of their symptoms, and/or reduce the negative effects of coronavirus infection on patients' health after the active phase of the infection is over.

show abstract

The Association between Supraphysiologic Arterial Oxygen Levels and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients. A Multicenter Observational Cohort Study

Cited by 76 publications

References 51 publications

Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?

Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?

Can Melatonin Reduce the Severity of COVID-19 Pandemic?

Can Melatonin Reduce the Severity of COVID-19 Pandemic?

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