The association between self-image and defence mechanisms in a group of adolescent patients receiving psychiatric treatment

Treger, Bartosz; Matusiak, Feliks; Pilecki, Maciej; Rogoż, Monika

doi:10.12740/pp/30017

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It needs to be noted that the reliability of the polish version of DSQ-40 is questionable. This is coherent with data from other studies among normal and clinic populations (Mrozowicz-Wrońska, 2019; Treger et al., 2015). It requires further research on a larger population to improve it.…”

Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 92%

Time in the Mental Health Context: Neurotic Symptomatology, Defense Mechanisms and the Perception of Time Perspective Among Patients Diagnosed With Neurotic and Personality Disorders – A Clinical Study

Mostowik

Mielimąka²,

Rutkowski

et al. 2020

Psychol Rep

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Aim The main objective of the study is to explore relations between the time perspective, neurotic symptoms, anxiety, and defense mechanisms in the group of patients diagnosed with neurotic and personality disorders (ICD-10 groups: F4x, F60.x and F61) treated with group psychotherapy. The research is conducted on the theoretical basis of the Zimbardo and Boyd’s Time Perspective Theory. Methods The study included 49 patients treated in the day ward for the Treatment of Neurotic Disorders and Behavioral Syndromes at the University Hospital. The measurement of the TP was performed with the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Patients also completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Defense Style Questionnaire 40. The diagnosis was done by licensed psychiatrists and supported with the measures: Symptom Checklist KO“O”, Neurotic Personality Questionnaire KON-2006. Results Multiple regression analysis models showed that the four time perspectives (past negative, present fatalistic, present hedonistic, and future) are predicted in different variations by the level of anxiety state or trait and repertoire of used defense mechanisms (immature or mature). Conclusions Considering the established bilateral correlations, change in the time perspective may constitute an important factor in the reduction of neurotic symptoms, possibly through changes in the repertoire of utilized defense mechanisms. However, there is also possible that altering neurotic symptomatology would alter time perspective. The assessment of the time perspective in patients with neurotic and personality disorders may provide useful data for the diagnosis and the monitoring of psychotherapy effectiveness. Based on the results of this study conducting further research on the role of the changes in the time perspective in the course of psychotherapy is recommended and necessary to expand the understanding of the relations observed in this study.

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Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 92%

Time in the Mental Health Context: Neurotic Symptomatology, Defense Mechanisms and the Perception of Time Perspective Among Patients Diagnosed With Neurotic and Personality Disorders – A Clinical Study

Mostowik

Mielimąka²,

Rutkowski

et al. 2020

Psychol Rep

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show abstract

“…Defense mechanisms are insensible, habitual, rigid and instinctive coping strategies which arise when subjected to internal clashes where adaptations to reality are required (P. Cramer, 2015 ; Iwanicka et al., 2017 ). The use of immature defense mechanisms is commonly seen in people with low self-esteem and who exhibit identity crisis ( Cramer, 1997 ; Treger et al., 2015 ). This may plausibly account for the normal self-esteem levels recorded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring substance use disorders and relapse in Mauritian male addicts

Ramsewak

Putteeraj

Somanah

2020

Heliyon

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Background Substance Use Disorder (SUD) places a heavy burden on societal and health systems given its association with high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide, including Mauritius. Illicit substances act as a positive reinforcement and stimulate addiction through its pleasure-seeking attributes. Aim This study focused on identifying the risk factors leading to SUD among Mauritian male addicts as well as examining the potency of those factors in SUD development. The study also aimed at determining the prevalence of relapse and its causation. Research setting A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of six months using a sample of 180 male addicts registered in a public hospital. A questionnaire investigating dimensions such as risk factors, self-esteem and peer pressure was administered. Findings A high percentage of relapse was noted amongst users within the first year of abstinence. Majority of respondents originated from nuclear or single parents’ family and were deprived of adequate social supports given their marital status. 57.5% of participants had a positive family history of SUD. Cannabis was the most commonly abused substance and 76.2% of the addicts were introduced to drugs through curiosity. Transposing the results against the Gateway Drug Theory showed a constant progression from soft to hard drugs for male addicts, a trend which was consistent with literature. Lastly, a theoretical model was developed based on the strong statistical association found between impulsivity and reduced thought processes prior to relapse; data revealing increased impulsivity which is a common trait in antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder as being largely responsible for relapse. Conclusion The study was successful in bringing out the most common risk factors of SUDs which are linked to low socioeconomic status. The inability of addicts to progress with their rehabilitation given the alarming 92% of relapse was related to social pressure as prime deterrent to successful remission. Programmes involving relapse prevention must implemented in the first year of abstinence to facilitate rehabilitation.

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“…Finally, mature defenses are adaptive coping mechanisms that maximize gratification and allow relatively more conscious awareness of feelings, ideas, and their behavioural-related consequences. Mature defenses include sublimation, humour, anticipation and suppression, and characterize healthy adults, with higher self-esteem, extroversion, resilience and internal locus of control (Ciocca et al, 2015;Mickelson et al, 1997;Simeon et al, 2007;Treger et al, 2015;Vaillant and Vaillant, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of attachment styles and defense mechanisms on psychological distress in a non-clinical young adult sample: A path analysis

Ciocca

Rossi

Collazzoni

et al. 2020

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Introduction. Insecure attachment styles and immature or neurotic defense mechanisms are related to psychological distress. However, their mutual interaction in influencing psychological distress deserves further investigation.Methods. One-thousand-one-hundred-twenty-nine University students were evaluated using the Global Severity Index of Symptoms Check List 90-Revised for psychological distress, Relationship Questionnaire for attachment styles and Defense Style Questionnaire for defense mechanisms. Following exploratory analyses, a Path Analysis was performed with psychological distress as outcome.Results. Fearful and preoccupied attachment styles had a substantial impact on psychological distress. About 30% of their effect was mediated by Immature and Neurotic defenses, with the former having the major effect. Dismissing attachment showed no substantial effect on psychological distress. Secure Attachment and Mature Defenses had a small protective effect on psychological distress, but their inclusion in the path model did not improve overall goodness-of-fit. Attachment style and defense mechanisms accounted for nearly 25% of the variance in psychological distress.Conclusions. The results showed that attachment styles and defense mechanisms have a substantial impact on psychological distress. The effect of attachment style is mediated by defense mechanisms. Individual differences in attachment style and defense mechanisms represent risk factors for psychological distress in young adults.

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The association between self-image and defence mechanisms in a group of adolescent patients receiving psychiatric treatment

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Time in the Mental Health Context: Neurotic Symptomatology, Defense Mechanisms and the Perception of Time Perspective Among Patients Diagnosed With Neurotic and Personality Disorders – A Clinical Study

Time in the Mental Health Context: Neurotic Symptomatology, Defense Mechanisms and the Perception of Time Perspective Among Patients Diagnosed With Neurotic and Personality Disorders – A Clinical Study

Exploring substance use disorders and relapse in Mauritian male addicts

The impact of attachment styles and defense mechanisms on psychological distress in a non-clinical young adult sample: A path analysis

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