The assessment of lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic using a multidimensional scale

Balanzá‐Martínez, Vicent; Kapczinski, Flávio; Cardoso, Taiane de Azevedo; Atienza-Carbonell, Beatriz; Rosa, Adriane Ribeiro; Mota, Jurema Corrêa da; Boni, Raquel Brandini De

doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.07.003

Cited by 128 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The findings hint to a complex picture with some positive and negative effects of home confinement. Physical activity and changes in sleeping patterns have been reported also in the adult population [178] , [179] , [180] , [181] , [186] . A sample of more than

participants in the UK provides some hints about the magnitude of physical activity variation before and during the lockdown [179] .…”

Section: Surveysmentioning

confidence: 86%

Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review

2021

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Infectious diseases and human behavior are intertwined. On one side, our movements and interactions are the engines of transmission. On the other, the unfolding of viruses might induce changes to our daily activities. While intuitive, our understanding of such feedback loop is still limited. Before COVID-19 the literature on the subject was mainly theoretical and largely missed validation. The main issue was the lack of empirical data capturing behavioral change induced by diseases. Things have dramatically changed in 2020. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been the key weapon against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and affected virtually any societal process. Travels bans, events cancellation, social distancing, curfews, and lockdowns have become unfortunately very familiar. The scale of the emergency, the ease of survey as well as crowdsourcing deployment guaranteed by the latest technology, several Data for Good programs developed by tech giants, major mobile phone providers, and other companies have allowed unprecedented access to data describing behavioral changes induced by the pandemic. Here, I review some of the vast literature written on the subject of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, I analyze 348 articles written by more than 2518 of authors in the first 12 months of the emergency. While the large majority of the sample was obtained by querying PubMed, it includes also a hand-curated list. Considering the focus, and methodology I have classified the sample into seven main categories: epidemic models, surveys, comments/perspectives, papers aiming to quantify the effects of NPIs, reviews, articles using data proxies to measure NPIs, and publicly available datasets describing NPIs. I summarize the methodology, data used, findings of the articles in each category and provide an outlook highlighting future challenges as well as opportunities.

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participants in the UK provides some hints about the magnitude of physical activity variation before and during the lockdown [179] .…”

Section: Surveysmentioning

confidence: 86%

Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review

2021

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“…Worse sleep quality with confinement has been reported among the adult general population in different countries (11)(12)(13)65), and partly attributed to inactivity (12) and higher anxiety and mental distress during isolation (21). In our study, the association with mental health during quarantine was confirmed, with an increased risk of reducing sleep quality in individuals with higher GDS-10 scores (RRR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.13-1.39; data not shown in tables).…”

Section: What Do Other Studies Say About Changes In Sleep Duration Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in health behaviors, mental and physical health among older adults under severe lockdown restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

García‐Esquinas

Ortol

Gine-Vazquez

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: We aimed to examine main changes in health behaviors, mental and physical health among older adults under severe lockdown restrictions during the COVID-19. Methods: We used prospective data from 3041 participants in four cohorts of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years in Spain. Data were obtained using validated questionnaires through a pre-pandemic face-to-face interview and a telephone interview conducted between weeks 7 to 15 after the beginning the COVID-19 lockdown. Lineal or multinomial, as appropriate, regression models with adjustment for the main confounders were used to assess changes in the outcome variables from the pre-pandemic to the confinement period, and to identify their associated factors. Results: On average, the confinement was not associated with a deterioration in lifestyle risk factors (smoking, alcohol intake, diet or weight), except for a decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, which reversed with the end of confinement. However, chronic pain worsened, and moderate declines in mental health, that did not seem to reverse after restrictions were lifted, were observed. Several subgroups of individuals were at increased risk of developing unhealthier lifestyles or mental health decline with confinement: (i)-males (for physical activity and sedentariness), (ii)-those with greater social isolation (for diet, physical activity, mental health), (iii)-feelings of loneliness (for diet, sleep quality, mental health), (iv)-poor housing conditions (for diet, physical activity, TV viewing time), (v)-unhealthy sleep duration (for physical activity and sedentariness), and (vi-worse overall health or chronic morbidities (for physical activity, screen time, mental health). On the other hand, previously having a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and doing more physical activity protected older adults from developing unhealthier lifestyles with confinement. Conclusions: The lockdown during the first wave of the COVID-19 in Spain, which was one of the most restrictive in Europe, only led to minor average changes in health behaviors among older adults. However, mental health was moderately affected. If another lockdown were imposed on this or future pandemics, public health programs should specially address the needs of older individuals with male sex, greater social isolation, poor housing conditions and chronic morbidities, because of their greater vulnerability to the enacted movement restrictions

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“…Lifestyle habits were assessed using the Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation–Confinement (SMILE-C) [ 41 ]. This scale was developed specifically to allow a multidimensional measure of lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, consistent results point to the beneficial effects of physical activity in preventing the onset of depression as well as improving its symptoms [ 40 ]. As many people around the world are under confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in lifestyle behaviors have attracted more research interest [ 41 ]. Behaviors, such as sleep quality [ 36 , 42 ], were assessed among HCWs instead of using a comprehensive, multidimensional approach to lifestyle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behaviors, such as sleep quality [ 36 , 42 ], were assessed among HCWs instead of using a comprehensive, multidimensional approach to lifestyle. Multidimensional evaluations of lifestyle are still scarce [ 41 ], although it is possible that different health behaviors share a common pathway to improve mental health, such as anti-inflammatory effects [ 43 , 44 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression, Anxiety, and Lifestyle Among Essential Workers: A Web Survey From Brazil and Spain During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Boni¹,

Balanzá‐Martínez²,

Mota³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

Self Cite

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Background Essential workers have been shown to present a higher prevalence of positive screenings for anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals from countries with socioeconomic inequalities may be at increased risk for mental health disorders. Objective We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity among essential workers in Brazil and Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A web survey was conducted between April and May 2020 in both countries. The main outcome was a positive screening for depression only, anxiety only, or both. Lifestyle was measured using a lifestyle multidimensional scale adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic (Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation–Confinement). A multinomial logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the factors associated with depression, anxiety, and the presence of both conditions. Results From the 22,786 individuals included in the web survey, 3745 self-reported to be essential workers. Overall, 8.3% (n=311), 11.6% (n=434), and 27.4% (n=1027) presented positive screenings for depression, anxiety, and both, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the multinomial model showed that an unhealthy lifestyle increased the likelihood of depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.00, 95% CI 2.72-5.87), anxiety (AOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.80-3.20), and both anxiety and depression (AOR 8.30, 95% CI 5.90-11.7). Living in Brazil was associated with increased odds of depression (AOR 2.89, 95% CI 2.07-4.06), anxiety (AOR 2.81, 95%CI 2.11-3.74), and both conditions (AOR 5.99, 95% CI 4.53-7.91). Conclusions Interventions addressing lifestyle may be useful in dealing with symptoms of common mental disorders during the strain imposed among essential workers by the COVID-19 pandemic. Essential workers who live in middle-income countries with higher rates of inequality may face additional challenges. Ensuring equitable treatment and support may be an important challenge ahead, considering the possible syndemic effect of the social determinants of health.

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The assessment of lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic using a multidimensional scale

Cited by 128 publications

References 39 publications

Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review

Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review

Changes in health behaviors, mental and physical health among older adults under severe lockdown restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

Depression, Anxiety, and Lifestyle Among Essential Workers: A Web Survey From Brazil and Spain During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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