The Assessment of Biomarkers to Detect Nephrotoxicity Using an Integrated Database

Health effects of cadmium exposure in the general environment in Japan with special reference to the lower limit of the benchmark dose as the threshold level of urinary cadmium

“…The urinary concentration of total protein is considered to reflect glomerular and tubular dysfunctions as a result of cadmium exposure, and urinary β 2 -MG and NAG are considered to reflect renal tubular dysfunction. Taylor and his co-workers also showed that these three parameters were useful as indicators of renal dysfunction in an investigation of renal effects caused by exposure to cadmium (29). Thus we used these three parameters as indicators of renal dysfunction in this study.…”

Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in Car Spray Paint Sprayers

“…18s Other results suggested that the decrease in forced vital capacity might serve as a guide to identify car painters at risk of a further decrement in lung function. 19 In this respect, many researchers indicated that exposure to low toluene disocyanate concentrations was associated with minimal but detectable changes in airway caliber and in epithelial barrier permeability causing some changes in the pulmonary function, 20 and nearly 36.4% of the car paint sprayers had some form of pulmonary function impairment; obstructive and/or restrictive 21-22. In our study, the correlation between pulmonary function parameters with duration of exposure to painting solvents and age of car paint sprayers (years) was negative except for forced expiratory flow at 505 of FVC and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity. It has been reported that the car painters who smoke less are less likely to use respiratory protection in highly exposed situations and therefore show a greater decline in lung function.…”

Study of Renal enzymuria and albuminuria activity in the Petals of Pink Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.

“…GGT, LDH and ALP the enzymes of the brush border located in the proximal renal tubule are usually present in small amount in urine because of tubular cell shedding. An elevated level of these enzymes in urine is the major indication of proximal tubular Injury (Racusen et al, 1991;Santos et al, 2010;Spasovski et al, 2011;National Toxicology Program, 2011) which was said to be the earlier biomarkers of renal damage (Sarah Taylor et al, 1997;Periyasamy et al, 2009).…”