The application of heterogeneous visible light photocatalysts in organic synthesis

Abstract

The advantage of visible-light photocatalysis lies in its use of clean, renewable, cheap visible light as a driving force. Recently heterogeneous visible light photocatalysts have drawn much attention due to their nature of easy recycling and simple chemical work-up. Immense effort has been devoted to the application of solar energy in the field of energy regeneration such as hydrogen production and reduction of carbon dioxide. Recently the solar energy also has captured much attention in organic synthesis due to its unique advantages. This paper will review the state-of-the-art progresses in the application of heterogeneous visible-light photocatalysis in organic synthesis through four sections: oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of amines, carbon-carbon bond formation reactions, and carbon-hetero bond formation reactions.

Kontinuierliche heterogene Photokatalyse in seriellen Mikro‐Batch‐Reaktoren

“…In der Photoredoxkatalyse (PRC) mit sichtbarem Licht werden meist teure Ruthenium‐ und Iridiumkomplexe oder zersetzungsanfällige organische Moleküle als Katalysatoren verwendet, die nur umständlich von der Reaktionsmatrix abgetrennt und wiederverwendet werden können. Eine Alternative sind immobilisierte Metallkomplexe oder heterogene Halbleiter . Zu den vielversprechendendsten Materialen zählen graphitische Kohlenstoffnitride (g‐C 3 N 4 ) .…”

A Photo-Enzymatic Cascade to Transform Racemic Alcohols into Enantiomerically Pure Amines

“…However, efficient oxidation of 1-pentanol has been reported by irradiation up to 480 nm upon doping TiO 2 with Nb 2 O 5 [16,17]. To further utilize visible light, numerous other heterogeneous catalysts have been tested [18]. By using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) [19,20] and vanadium-oxide grafted to numerous carriers [21,22], efficient alcohol oxidation mediated by visible light has been reported.…”

Visible light mediated cyclization of tertiary anilines with maleimides using a supported iridium complex catalyst

“…TiO 2 and related semiconductors are used as the common heterogeneous photocatalysts. 28,29 Only a few immobilized photosensitizers catalysts were reported due to the mass transfer hindrance and light adsorption efficiency. [30][31][32][33] The solid supports were very important for the immobilization.…”