The anxiolytic effect of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 involves vagal pathways for gut-brain communication

Berčík, Přemysl; Park, A. J.; Sinclair, D; Khoshdel, Amir; Lü, Jun; Huang, Xiaxing; Deng, Yi; Blennerhassett, Patricia; Fahnestock, Margaret; Moine, D; Berger, Bernard; Huizinga, Jan D.; Kunze, Wolfgang; McLean, Peter G.; Bergonzelli, G. E.; Collins, Stephen M.; Verdú, Elena F.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01796.x

Cited by 835 publications

(644 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Treatment with Bifidobacterium longum abolished such behavior. However, the anxiolytic effect of Bifidobacterium longum was absent in vagotomized mice, suggesting that the effect was transmitted to the central nervous system by activating vagal pathways at the level of the enteric nervous system (9). It is thus intriguing to note that in our study the amount of the same species was found to be decreased in early life in children later developing ADHD or AS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Recently, the search for etiologies has been expanded both within the central nervous system and beyond. Experimental data are accumulating to suggest that the presence of gut microbiota as such, as compared with the absence of it, and especially its certain beneficial bacteria, probiotics, make for altered function within the nervous system (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). As a recent empirical study indicates (13) probiotics may provide a tool to manipulate brain activity even in humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A possible link between early probiotic intervention and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders later in childhood: a randomized trial

et al. 2015

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Background: Recent experimental evidence suggests that gut microbiota may alter function within the nervous system providing new insight on the mechanism of neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: Seventy-five infants who were randomized to receive Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) or placebo during the first 6 mo of life were followed-up for 13 y. Gut microbiota was assessed at the age of 3 wk, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 mo, and 13 y using fluorescein in situ hybridization (FISH) and qPCR, and indirectly by determining the blood group secretor type at the age of 13 y. The diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Asperger syndrome (AS) by a child neurologist or psychiatrist were based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. results: At the age of 13 y, ADHD or AS was diagnosed in 6/35 (17.1%) children in the placebo and none in the probiotic group (P = 0.008). The mean (SD) numbers of Bifidobacterium species bacteria in feces during the first 6 mo of life was lower in affected children 8.26 (1.24) log cells/g than in healthy children 9.12 (0.64) log cells/g; P = 0.03. conclusion: Probiotic supplementation early in life may reduce the risk of neuropsychiatric disorder development later in childhood possible by mechanisms not limited to gut microbiota composition.P sychiatric disorders are already ranked among the leading causes of disability in industrialized countries. With the current progressive increase in the incidence, they may be expected to assume the first place also globally within the next few years (1,2). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, affects three to seven percent of children worldwide (3,4). Moreover, symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity are frequent in children with Asperger syndrome (AS), which is characterized by stereotyped behavior and deficient social interaction and communication skills (5). Besides the common behavioral features, shared biological pathways and neuroanatomical links between these diseases have been reported (5,6).Despite intensive research on ADHD and AS, the precise chain of pathological events underlying them remains unknown. The available data indicate ADHD and AS to be multifactorial disorders, in which genetic risk predominates, reinforced by various environmental and biological factors such as fetal stress, prematurity, toxins, and diet (7). Recently, the search for etiologies has been expanded both within the central nervous system and beyond. Experimental data are accumulating to suggest that the presence of gut microbiota as such, as compared with the absence of it, and especially its certain beneficial bacteria, probiotics, make for altered function within the nervous system (8-12). As a recent empirical study indicates (13) probiotics may provide a tool to manipulate brain activity even in humans.To test the hypothetical involvement of the gut brain-axis in the manifestation of ADHD and AS, we analyzed the association of compositional development of the gut microbiota, the...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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confidence: 99%

A possible link between early probiotic intervention and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders later in childhood: a randomized trial

et al. 2015

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“…88 Furthermore, intraduodenal administration of a non-pathogenic bacterium, Bifidobacterium longum, is anxiolytic but also requires an intact vagus. 89 Another anxiolytic probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, results in region specific change in the expression of GABA receptor subunits. GABA type B subunit 1 isoform b (GABAB1b) mRNA was decreased in the amygdala and hippocampus, while increased in cortical areas.…”

Section: Effect Of Bacterial Metabolites On the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 Other events that lead to a change in the composition of gut microbiota such as infection or use of probiotics can also change the level of anxiety. 89,[103][104][105] Further, it is shown that the behavioral phenotype of anxietyprone strains of mice is also dependent on their existing microbiota. For example, BALB/c mice exhibit a highly anxious phenotype that does not show much exploratory locomotion in a new environment, while NIH Swiss mice show less anxiety and more exploratory motions in the same environment.…”

Section: Stress Response and Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Yarandi

Peterson

Treisman

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

222

134

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Gut microbiome is an integral part of the Gut-Brain axis. It is becoming increasingly recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important to normal cognitive and emotional processing. It was known that altered emotional state and chronic stress can change the composition of gut microbiome, but it is becoming more evident that interaction between gut microbiome and central nervous system is bidirectional. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome can potentially lead to increased intestinal permeability and impair the function of the intestinal barrier. Subsequently, neuro-active compounds and metabolites can gain access to the areas within the central nervous system that regulate cognition and emotional responses. Deregulated inflammatory response, promoted by harmful microbiota, can activate the vagal system and impact neuropsychological functions. Some bacteria can produce peptides or short chain fatty acids that can affect gene expression and inflammation within the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the role of gut microbiota in modulating neuropsychological functions of the central nervous system and exploring the potential underlying mechanisms.

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“…In addition to the direct effects of nutrients and dietary factors on neurodevelopmental endpoints, indirect effects may arise from links between the early diet on gut growth, enteric nervous system, signaling molecules like serotonin (5-HT), and/ or gut microbiota. Studies in mice show that changes in the gut microbiota after birth, in parallel with the first enteral feeding, lead to an anxiety-depression-like behavior (13) and other behavioral changes (14). Whether such effects are mediated by changes in gut physiology and microbiology, resulting in metabolic, endocrine, or neuronal effects on the brain and central nervous system (CNS), are unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Physical activity level is impaired and diet dependent in preterm newborn pigs

et al. 2015

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Background: Preterm infants show delayed development of motor function after birth. This may relate to functional immaturity of many organs, including the gut and brain. Using pigs as model for preterm infants, we hypothesized that early initiation of enteral feeding stimulates both gut growth and neonatal physical activity. Methods:In experiment 1, preterm and term pigs were fed parenteral nutrition (PN) or PN plus bovine colostrum (BC, 16-64 ml/kg/d enterally) for 5 d. In experiment 2, preterm pigs were fed PN+BC or PN+formula for 5 d. In experiment 3, preterm pigs were fed BC, formula, or human milk (HM) for 10 d. Incubator home cage activity (HCA) was quantified by continuous camera recordings. results: Preterm birth was associated with reduced intestinal weight and HCA (experiment 1), and BC or formula supplementation increased intestinal weights and HCA (experiments 1+2). Enteral BC and HM feeding increased HCA, intestinal weights, and necrotizing enteritis resistance, relative to formula (experiment 3). conclusion: Preterm pigs show decreased physical activity, and the first enteral feeds diet dependently stimulate both gut growth and physical activity. The effects may arise from maturation of digestive, metabolic, and neurological functions, including gut serotonin production, by the first enteral feeds and milk bioactive factors.P reterm infants are a high-risk patient population with a variety of developmental complications, including delayed neurodevelopment and a high incidence of brain insults. Even when newborn preterm infants show no clinically observable brain defects, it is common to observe that such infants exhibit slower postnatal development of motor skills, compared with term infants. Even at term-corrected age, the brains in preterm infants may show compromised gray matter volume and altered developmental trajectory (1), probably explaining delayed neonatal arousal (2,3) and immature neuromuscular function and brain electroencephalography (4). In more longterm studies, preterm infants have shown reduced postural complexity (5) and lowered motor function (6), potentially persisting until school age (7), or even into adulthood (8). Thus, early impairment of physical locomotion in preterm infants may have long-term consequences.There is rapidly increasing evidence of functional links among the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the diet, and the brain, especially in early life (9). Growth rate and nutrient intakes in early life may affect later neuromuscular and cognitive outcomes, but the mechanisms are largely unknown (10). Much focus has been devoted to the possible role of the lipid fraction of milk, but firm evidence for diet effects are lacking, not only in infants (11) but also in various animal models (12). In addition to the direct effects of nutrients and dietary factors on neurodevelopmental endpoints, indirect effects may arise from links between the early diet on gut growth, enteric nervous system, signaling molecules like serotonin (5-HT), and/ or gut microbiota. Studies in mice show...

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The anxiolytic effect of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 involves vagal pathways for gut-brain communication

Cited by 835 publications

References 27 publications

A possible link between early probiotic intervention and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders later in childhood: a randomized trial

A possible link between early probiotic intervention and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders later in childhood: a randomized trial

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Physical activity level is impaired and diet dependent in preterm newborn pigs

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