The antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of a copper-loaded zinc oxide phosphate cement

Abstract

Objectives Evidence about modifications of dental luting materials to minimize biological failure at the "marginal gap" between teeth and fixed prosthodontics is scarce. We compared a copper-modified (Co-ZOP) and a conventional zinc oxide phosphate cement (ZOP) in terms of antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods Specimens of ZOP and Co-ZOP were characterized by the mean arithmetic roughness (Ra) and surface free energy (SFE). Powder components were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed elemental material compositions. In vitro microbial adhesion was shown using SEM, luminescence, and fluorescence assays. CCK-8 assays of mouse fibroblasts (L929) and human gingival fibroblasts (GF-1) were performed after 6, 24, and 48 h of specimen incubation. In vivo, ZOP and Co-ZOP specimens were applied intraorally for 12 h; biofilm accumulation was shown using SEM. Results Ra of ZOP and Co-ZOP showed no significant differences; SFE was significantly higher for Co-ZOP. EDX exhibited minor copper radiation for Co-ZOP, none for ZOP. In vitro fungal adhesion to Co-ZOP was significantly higher than to ZOP; in vitro streptococcal adhesion, cytotoxicity, and in vivo biofilm formation were not significantly different. Conclusions Co-ZOP showed low surface allocations of copper with no improved antimicrobial properties compared with conventional ZOP in vitro or in vivo. Clinical relevance Antimicrobial effects and low cytotoxicity of biomaterials are important for the clinical outcome. Based on our in vitro and in vivo results, no clinical recommendation can be given for the tested Co-ZOP.

Influence of the Manufacturing Method on the Adhesion of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans to Oral Splint Resins

“…Microbial adhesion was assessed in order to correlate fungal and bacterial colonization with surface characteristics and manufacturing methods. To ensure that only viable cells were subjected to the relative quantification of biofilm accumulation, a well-established, reproducible and highly sensitive ATP-based luminescence assay was performed [ 16 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

“…Both microorganisms were harvested by centrifugation, washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and resuspended in PBS. The suspensions of C. albicans or S. mutans in PBS were adjusted to an optical density of 0.3 at 600 nm by densitometry (Bio Photometer, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) [ 37 ].…”

Comparison of marginal microleakage of metal copings cemented with three luting cements

“…Some authors include endodontic complications, chipping and fracture of the porcelain, tooth fracture, periodontitis, and secondary caries at the tooth-material interface ( 3 , 4 ). The latter phenomenon is one of the main reasons for the failure of crown restorations ( 5 ). The key factors to ensure crowns’ longevity and clinical success are fracture resistance and marginal adaptation ( 6 ).…”

Application of Copper Nanoparticles in Dentistry

“…Many studies have shown that calcium phosphate cement with copper phosphate nanoparticles could promote vascularized new bone formation around cancerous bone defects [ 90 , 91 ]. On the other hand, a copper-modified zinc oxide phosphate cement showed low surface allocations of copper but no improvement in its antimicrobial properties [ 92 ]. Therefore, with this limited study, it is difficult to justify the clinical application.…”