The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection persists over at least 8 months in symptomatic patients

Levi, Riccardo; Ubaldi, Leonardo; Pozzi, Chiara; Angelotti, Giovanni; Mt, Sandri; Azzolini, Elena; Salvatici, Michela; Savevski,; Mantovani, Alberto; Rescigno, María

doi:10.1101/2021.02.05.21251219

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The second multivariate LR analysis after the second vaccine dose (which was set at 21 days) also showed a good prediction of the actual IgG amount after the second dose (R 2 = 0.67, F-statis- an increase of antibodies in the natural infection (11). Here, we found that anosmia/dysgeusia correlated with increased IgG after the second dose of vaccine (P = 0.01).…”

Section: Funding Dolce and Gabbana And The Italian Ministry Of Health (Ricerca Corrente)supporting

confidence: 67%

One dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine exponentially increases antibodies in individuals who have recovered from symptomatic COVID-19

Levi

Azzolini

Pozzi

et al. 2021

Journal of Clinical Investigation

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105

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Section: Funding Dolce and Gabbana And The Italian Ministry Of Health (Ricerca Corrente)supporting

confidence: 67%

One dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine exponentially increases antibodies in individuals who have recovered from symptomatic COVID-19

Levi

Azzolini

Pozzi

et al. 2021

Journal of Clinical Investigation

Self Cite

105

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“…These results contrast with our previous report indicating that patients with prolonged anosmia had lower levels of nasal, but not serum IgG, 2 months after onset of symptoms 7 . This difference suggests that anosmia is associated with dynamic changes in antibody levels that may be related to the changes in SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen load 16 . The association with serum and nasal IgG, and not IgA, levels suggests that antigen challenge occurs at the systemic level.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 91%

Mucosal antibody response and SARS‐CoV‐2 shedding in patients with COVID‐19 related olfactory dysfunction

Sharma,

Thiriard,

Olislagers

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Olfactory dysfunction (OD) was one of the most common symptom of infection with the Wuhan strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and could persist for several months after symptom onset. The pathogenesis of prolonged OD remains poorly understood but probably involves sustained viral replication associated with limited mucosal immune response to the virus. This prospective study was conducted to investigate the potential relationship between nasal SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load and antibody levels in patients with loss of smell. One hundred and five patients were recruited 2 weeks after presenting with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 associated OD. Based on the identification sniffing test performed at enrollment, 52 patients were still anosmic or hyposmic and 53 were normosmic. SARS‐CoV‐2 was detectable in nasal wash of about 50% of anosmic and normosmic patients. Higher viral load was detected in anosmic patients with lower levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 specific nasal immunoglobulins (Ig) IgG and IgA. This association was not observed in normosmic patients. No relationship between nasal viral load and antibodies to endemic coronaviruses was observed. SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in the nasal cavity may be promoted by defective mucosal antibody responses in patients with OD. Boosting mucosal immunity may limit nasal SARS‐CoV‐2 replication and thereby help in the control of persistent OD.

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“…We recently reported in a longitudinal seroprevalence study conducted in a cohort of working adults ( n = 1,655) that SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific antibodies (Abs) persist for at least 6 months independent of symptom severity; we further observed that COVID-19 symptoms anosmia and/or dysgeusia correlated most closely with the detection of virus-neutralizing Abs ( 1 ). Also others have shown that COVID-19 symptom severity and in particular loss of taste and/or smell were associated with induction of higher Ab levels which persisted for up to 8 months after infection ( 2 – 4 ). In order to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the investigated cohort at the end of the third pandemic wave in Austria and to determine Ab persistence over 1 year, the study subjects were invited to a follow up blood draw between mid-April and mid May 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody (Ab) Levels and the Kinetic of Ab Decline Determine Ab Persistence Over 1 Year

et al. 2022

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In a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study conducted with 1,655 working adults in spring of 2020, 12 of the subjects presented with positive neutralization test (NT) titers (>1:10). They were here followed up for 1 year to assess their Ab persistence. We report that 7/12 individuals (58%) had NT_50 titers ≥1:50 and S1-specific IgG ≥50 BAU/ml 1 year after mild COVID-19 infection. S1-specific IgG were retained until a year when these levels were at least >60 BAU/ml at 3 months post-infection. For both the initial fast and subsequent slow decline phase of Abs, we observed a significant correlation between NT_50 titers and S1-specific IgG and thus propose S1-IgG of 60 BAU/ml 3 months post-infection as a potential threshold to predict neutralizing Ab persistence for 1 year. NT_50 titers and S1-specific IgG also correlated with circulating S1-specific memory B-cells. SARS-CoV-2-specific Ab levels after primary mRNA vaccination in healthy controls were higher (Geometric Mean Concentration [GMC] 3158 BAU/ml [CI 2592 to 3848]) than after mild COVID-19 infection (GMC 82 BAU/ml [CI 48 to 139]), but showed a stronger fold-decline within 5–6 months (0.20–fold, to GMC 619 BAU/ml [CI 479 to 801] vs. 0.56–fold, to GMC 46 BAU/ml [CI 26 to 82]). Of particular interest, the decline of both infection- and vaccine-induced Abs correlated with body mass index. Our data contribute to describe decline and persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific Abs after infection and vaccination, yet the relevance of the maintained Ab levels for protection against infection and/or disease depends on the so far undefined correlate of protection.

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The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection persists over at least 8 months in symptomatic patients

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

One dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine exponentially increases antibodies in individuals who have recovered from symptomatic COVID-19

One dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine exponentially increases antibodies in individuals who have recovered from symptomatic COVID-19

Mucosal antibody response and SARS‐CoV‐2 shedding in patients with COVID‐19 related olfactory dysfunction

SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody (Ab) Levels and the Kinetic of Ab Decline Determine Ab Persistence Over 1 Year

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