The anti-ethylene growth regulator silver thiosulfate (STS) increases flower production and longevity in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Hyde, Peter; Guan, Xiangjiu; Abreu, Viviane Maria de; Setter, Tim L.

doi:10.1007/s10725-019-00542-x

Cited by 36 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A key effect of pruning is to prevent abortion of inflorescences, particularly those produced in the first branching event. A similar result was reported by Hyde et al, in 2019 through the use of silver thiosulfate. This anti-ethylene plant growth regulator failed to hasten flower initiation in cassava, but sustained floral development and prevented their abortion (particularly in the first branching event).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Earlier flowering was achieved through grafting ( Ceballos et al., 2017 ; Silva Souza et al., 2018 ) and the extension of the photoperiod ( Pineda et al., 2018 ). Recently, the anti-ethylene growth regulator silver thiosulfate was reported to reduce abortion of early inflorescences, and to promote flower development and longevity ( Hyde et al., 2019 ). Finally, the combination of extended photoperiod with plant growth regulators (benzyladenine and/or silver thiosulfate) has been tested, but with negative results (CIAT, unpublished data).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Pruning Young Branches on Fruit and Seed Set in Cassava

Pineda

Tian

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Flowering in cassava is closely linked with branching. Early-flowering genotypes branch low and abundantly. Although farmers prefer late flowering genotypes because of their erect plant architecture, their usefulness as progenitors in breeding is limited by their low seed production. In general, the first inflorescence aborts in cassava. Preventing this abortion would result in early production of seeds and make cassava breeding more efficient. The objective of this study was to assess if pruning young branches prevents the abortion of first inflorescences and promotes early fruit and seed set. Four genotypes with early, late, very late, and no flowering habits were grown under an extended photoperiod (EP) or normal dark night conditions (DN). Additional treatments included pruning young branches at the first or second flowering event and spraying (or not) benzyladenine (BA) after pruning. One genotype failed to flower and was not considered further. For the remaining genotypes, EP proved crucial to induce an earlier flowering, which is a prerequisite for pruning. Total production of seeds in EP plots was 2,971 versus 150 in DN plots. For plants grown under EP, the average number of seeds per plant without pruning was 3.88, whereas those pruned produced 17.60 seeds per plant. Pruning at the first branching event led to higher number of seeds per plant (26.25) than pruning at the second flowering event (8.95). In general, applying BA was beneficial (38.52 and 13.98 seeds/plant with or without spraying it, respectively). The best combination of treatments was different for each genotype. Pruning young branches and applying BA in the first flowering event not only prevented the abortion of inflorescences but also induced the feminization of male flowers into hermaphrodite or female-only flowers. The procedures suggested from this study (combining EP, pruning young branches, and spraying BA), allowed the production of a high number of seeds from erect cassava genotypes in a short period. The implementation of these procedures will improve the breeding efficiency in cassava.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pruning Young Branches on Fruit and Seed Set in Cassava

Pineda

Tian

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…CC-BY 4.0 International license available under a (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted December 15, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.15.422940 doi: bioRxiv preprint IITA-TMS-IBA980002 was grown in a greenhouse at the Guterman Bioclimatic laboratory (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA) as described by Hyde et al (2020) and exposed to one of four treatment combinations (a 2 × matrix of treatments): a) either control or pruned at first inflorescence appearance, and b) either a control or PGRs with a combination of petiole-fed STS, and apex-sprayed BA. These were applied to plants at tier 1 of fork branching.…”

Section: Transcriptomic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) premature abortion of flowers before anthesis, (3) disproportionate number of male flowers and in some cases no female flowers, in cases where flowers are not aborted, (4) non synchronous development of flowers, (5) low probability of fruit development even when flowering and pollination are successful (Adeyemo et al 2017;Hyde et al 2020;Ceballos et al 2004;Ceballos et al 2016;Halsey et al 2008;Souza et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations into the reproductive biology of cassava has led to the development of several potential interventions to improve reproductive performance in cassava: transgenic intervention by overexpressing Flowering Locus FT (Adeyemo et al 2017;Odipio et al 2020;Bull et al 2017), modulating photoperiod and temperature to accelerate flowering time (Adeyemo et al 2019), application of silver thiosulfate to enhance flower development and longevity (STS) (Hyde et al 2020), or pruning young subtending branches to alleviate flower abortion (Pineda et al 2020). None so far has focused on increasing the proportion of female flowers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silver thiosulfate and Benzyladenine in combination with pruning additively feminizes cassava flowers and modulates transcriptome

Oluwasanya

Esan²,

Hyde

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cassava, a tropical storage-root crop, is a major source of food security for millions in the tropics. Cassava breeding however is hindered by the poor development of flowers and female flowers in particular, since flower development is strongly skewed towards male flowers. Our objectives were to test plant growth regulator and pruning treatments for their effectiveness in field conditions in improving flower production and fruit set in cassava. Pruning the fork type branches that arise at the shoot apex immediately below newly formed inflorescences stimulated inflorescence and floral development. The anti-ethylene silver thiosulfate (STS) also increased flower abundance. Both pruning and STS increased flower numbers without influencing sex ratios. In contrast, the cytokinin benzyladenine (BA) feminized flowers without increasing flower abundance. Combining pruning and STS treatments led to an additive increase in flower abundance; with the addition of BA, over 80% of flowers were females. This three-way treatment combination of pruning+STS+BA also led to an increase in fruit development. Transcriptomic analysis of gene expression in tissues of the apical region and developing inflorescence revealed that the enhancement of female flower development by STS+BA was accompanied by the downregulation in of several genes associated with repression of flowering, including Tempranillo 1 (TEM1), GA receptor GID1b, and ABA signaling genes ABI1 and PP2CA. We conclude that treatments with pruning, STS and BA create widespread changes on the network of hormone signaling and regulatory factors beyond ethylene and cytokinin.

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