The ankle kinematic reference of normal gait pattern in Thai adults

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study was aimed to establish the reference values of ankle kinematics and factors associated with ankle kinematics of healthy Thai adults.MethodsA prospective cohort was conducted among healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 40 years and evaluated gait analysis between 2016 and 2020. After applying the modified Halen Hayes marker set, participants were assigned to walk 8–10 rounds with their preferred speed. Demographic data i.e., age, gender and body mass index (BMI) and ankle kinematics (varus-valgus, dorsiflexion-plantar flexion, foot progression, and ankle rotation) using motion analysis software were recorded and analyzed.Results98 volunteers (60 females and 38 males) aged 28.6 ± 5.4 years with body mass index 21.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2 were included. The average ranges of ankle kinematics entire gait cycle were varus-valgus −1.62 to 3.17 degrees, dorsiflexion-plantar flexion 0.67 to 14.52 degrees, foot progression −21.73 to −8.47 degrees, and ankle rotation 5.22 to 9.74 degrees. The ankle kinematic data in this study population was significantly different from the normal values supplied by OrthoTrak software of the motion analysis program, especially more ankle internal rotation at mid-stance (5.22 vs. −12.10 degrees) and terminal stance (5.48 vs. −10.74 degrees) with P < 0.001. Foot progression significantly exhibited more external rotation for 1.5 degrees on the right compared to the left side, and for 5 degrees more in males than females. One increment in age was significantly correlated with ankle internal rotation at mid-swing (coefficient 0.21 degrees, P = 0.039). BMI had no statistical association with ankle kinematics. Statistical parametric mapping for full-time series of angle assessments showed significantly different foot progression at initial contact and terminal stance between sides, and our ankle kinematics significantly differed from the reference values of the motion analysis program in all planes (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe reference of ankle kinematics of Thai adults was established and differences between sides and the normal values of the motion analysis program were identified. Advanced age was associated with ankle internal rotation, and male gender was related to external foot progression. Further studies are needed to define all-age group reference values.

Effects of Kinesio taping on lower limb biomechanical characteristics during unexpected jumping in patients with chronic ankle instability

“…The participants wore standardized tight‐fitting suits and were barefoot. After a 10‐min warm‐up, the intervention was conducted, followed by the attachment of 38 marker points on the bilateral lower limbs according to the modified Helen Hayes model 20 . (Table 1 and Figure 2) Subsequently, nine jumping movements were performed: three left‐sided jumping (LSJ), three right‐sided jumping (RSJ), and three bilateral jumping.…”

“…After a 10-min warm-up, the intervention was conducted, followed by the attachment of 38 marker points on the bilateral lower limbs according to the modified Helen Hayes model. 20 (Table 1 and Figure 2) Subsequently, nine jumping movements were performed: three left-sided jumping (LSJ), three right-sided jumping (RSJ), and three bilateral jumping. The intervention and jumping sequences were generated using an Excel random function.…”

Effects of ankle Kinesio taping on knee and ankle joint biomechanics during unanticipated jumps in collegiate athletes

“…After a 10-min warm-up, they received the interventions. Thirty-eight reflective markers were affixed according to the modified Helen Hayes model [ 24 ]. The participants then performed unanticipated jumps, and the jump tasks were modified from the study of Mclean et al [ 25 ].…”