The analgesia effect of duloxetine on post-operative pain via intrathecal or intraperitoneal administration

Mechanisms of imidazoline I2 receptor agonist‐induced antinociception in rats: involvement of monoaminergic neurotransmission

“…5-HT 1A , 5-HT 2A and α 1 -adrenoceptors) which then produces anti-nociception, presumably through their downstream mechanisms (Figure 9). The involvement of the three receptors implicated in antinociception in this study has previously been demonstrated (Tasker et al, 1992;Bardin, 2011;Valhondo et al, 2013;Wattiez et al, 2013;Sun et al, 2014). Interestingly,…”

Duloxetine Inhibits Microglial P2X4 Receptor Function and Alleviates Neuropathic Pain after Peripheral Nerve Injury

“…Thus, it is thought that the attenuating effects of duloxetine on neuropathic pain are related to an increase in the levels of 5-HT and NA in the descending pain inhibitory pathways from brainstem to the spinal dorsal horn [ 47 , 48 ]. Indeed, it has been reported that alleviation of mechanical allodynia in model of neuropathic pain by duloxetine was reduced by an intrathecal injection of a 5-HT 2A receptor antagonist [ 36 , 49 ] or by an intraperitoneally injection of DSP-4 to produce a toxic effect on NAergic neurons [ 20 ]. Consistent with these findings, the present study showed that the suppressing effect of duloxetine on PNI-induced allodynia was reduced in rats that had been pretreated with PCPA and DSP-4, at the dose of these agents needed to fully deplete 5-HT and NA [ 20 , 27 ].…”

Analgesia in the Perioperative Period

“…A recent study in rats demonstrates that intrathecal or intraperitoneal administration does reduce hypersensitivity in a postoperative pain model, 45 and pharmacokinetic data of a single oral dose in the dog have been evaluated. 46 It should be noted that other analgesic drugs (some opioids, tramadol) also effect serotonin reuptake.…”