The allergens in cosmetics

Groot, Anton C. de; Bruynzeel, Derk P.; Bos, J. D.; Meeren, H L van der; Joost, Theodoor van; Jagtman, B A; Weyland, J. Willem

doi:10.1001/archderm.124.10.1525

Cited by 84 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Coumarin, an ingredient in cosmetics and fragrances, was chosen as the reference chemical, since there is a controversy as to whether coumarin is a contact allergen involved in fragrance allergy. Indeed, coumarin allergy, defined by positive skin patch tests, was observed in up to 6.8% of patients with ACD [9,10,11,12,13]. Moreover, it was shown that coumarin was endowed with irritant properties at the concentration of 8% [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Skin Allergenic Properties of Chemicals May Depend on Contaminants – Evidence from Studies on Coumarin

Vocanson

Goujon

Chabeau

et al. 2006

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background/Aims: Positive patch tests are considered representative of a contact allergy to the tested chemical. However, contaminants and derivatives rather than the suspected chemical itself could be responsible for the allergic skin reactions. Here, we tested the importance of contaminants in the sensitizing and allergenic properties of coumarin in mice and humans. Coumarin, an ingredient in cosmetics and fragrances, was chosen as the reference chemical since conflicting results have been obtained regarding its ability to induce contact allergy. In some chemical preparations, this could be explained by the presence of coumarin derivatives endowed with allergenic properties. Methods: In mice, three different coumarin preparations were tested in the local lymph node assay. In humans, we assessed the irritant and allergenic properties of highly pure coumarin in nonallergic and fragrance-allergic patients. Results: Pure coumarin did not exhibit irritant or sensitizing properties in the local lymph node assay. In contrast, two other commercially available coumarins and three contaminants that were detected in these coumarin preparations were identified as weak and moderate sensitizers, respectively. In humans, pure coumarin was extremely well tolerated since only 1 out of 512 patients exhibited a positive patch test to the chemical. Conclusions: These results indicate that coumarin cannot be considered as a common contact allergen and further emphasize that purity of chemicals is mandatory for the assessment of their allergenicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Skin Allergenic Properties of Chemicals May Depend on Contaminants – Evidence from Studies on Coumarin

Vocanson

Goujon

Chabeau

et al. 2006

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…In addition, only 3 cases of Lyra! sensitivity have previously been reported (2,5,6) and, to our knowledge, contact allergy to acetyl cedrene has not hitherto been recognized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Allergic contact dermatitis from the synthetic fragrances Lyral and acetyl cedrene in separate underarm deodorant preparations

Handley

Burrows

1994

Contact Dermatitis

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The case is reported of a 28-year-old man who developed allergic contact dermatitis from 2 synthetic fragrance ingredients, Lyral (3- and 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-aldehyde) and acetyl cedrene, in separate underarm deodorant preparations. The implications of the patient's negative patch test reactions to the European standard series (Trolab) and cosmetics and fragrance series (both Chemotechnique Diagnostics) are discussed. The importance is stressed of patch testing with the patient's own preparations when cosmetic dermatitis is suspected, and of identifying and reporting offending fragrance ingredients, with a view possibly to updating the European standard series and commercially available cosmetics and fragrance series.

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“…Several studies [10–12] have reported that skin care products (moisturizing and cleansing cream/lotion/milk) account for the majority of cases of contact allergy to cosmetics. This was confirmed in our study where face creams (20%) were the most common cosmetic causing allergic contact dermatitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch Testing in Suspected Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Cosmetics

Kumar

Paulose

2014

Dermatology Research and Practice

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Background. Increasing use of cosmetics has contributed to a rise in the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to cosmetics. It is estimated that 1–5.4% of the population is sensitized to a cosmetic ingredient. Patch testing helps to confirm the presence of an allergy and to identify the actual allergens which are chemical mixtures of various ingredients. Objectives. The aims of this study are to perform patch testing in suspected ACD to cosmetics and to identify the most common allergen and cosmetic product causing dermatitis. Methods. Fifty patients with suspected ACD to cosmetics were patch-tested with 38 antigens of the Indian Cosmetic Series and 12 antigens of the Indian Standard Series. Results. The majority (58%) of patients belonged to the 21–40 years age group. The presence of ACD to cosmetics was confirmed in 38 (76%) patients. Face creams (20%), hair dyes (14%), and soaps (12%) were the most commonly implicated. The most common allergens identified were gallate mix (40%), cetrimide (28%), and thiomersal (20%). Out of a total of 2531 patches applied, positive reactions were obtained in 3.75%. Conclusion. Incidence of ACD to cosmetics was greater in females. Face creams and hair dyes were the most common cosmetic products implicated. The principal allergens were gallate mix, cetrimide, and thiomersal.

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The allergens in cosmetics

Cited by 84 publications

References 18 publications

The Skin Allergenic Properties of Chemicals May Depend on Contaminants – Evidence from Studies on Coumarin

The Skin Allergenic Properties of Chemicals May Depend on Contaminants – Evidence from Studies on Coumarin

Allergic contact dermatitis from the synthetic fragrances Lyral and acetyl cedrene in separate underarm deodorant preparations

Patch Testing in Suspected Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Cosmetics

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