The Agronomy and Economy of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)—The “King of Spices”

Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391865-9.00001-3

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…However, the results of the present study indicate that piperine in dried fruits was stable during solar‐drying up to 24 hr. Because piperine is distributed inside of the fruit, rather than on the surface, it may be shielded from UV irradiation (Nair, ). Furthermore, the low piperine losses during oven‐drying observed in the present study agree with the results of Nisha, Singhal, and Padit (), who also showed that piperine was stable during heat processing, with 5% losses at temperatures of 50, 70, and 90 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of solar‐ and oven‐drying on physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics of hihatsumodoki ( Piper retrofractum Vahl) fruit

Takahashi

Ohshiro

Ohno

et al. 2017

J Food Process Preserv

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The physicochemical and antioxidant properties of whole hihatsumodoki (Piper retrofractum Vahl) pepper fruits were evaluated before and after solar‐ and oven‐drying. Desirable dry matter (24% relative mass) and aw (0.50) values were obtained after solar‐drying for 18 hr, and oven‐drying for 24, 6, and 4 hr at 50, 70, and 90 °C, respectively. The color parameters (Hunter a* and b* values) of the fruits were affected by their drying conditions. Principal component analysis was used to determine suitable drying conditions to obtain dried pepper fruits with desirable food and color properties. The piperine contents of the dried pepper fruits were maintained under all of the drying conditions tested. However, solar‐drying for 18 hr and oven‐drying at 90 °C for 6 hr resulted in significant reductions in their total phenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The results of this study may be useful for optimizing the drying of whole hihatsumodoki fruits. Practical applications This work aimed to study the effects of solar‐ and oven‐drying processes on the physicochemical properties of an economically important species of pepper fruits, hihatsumodoki. A range of drying conditions was examined, and the optimal conditions were determined to maintain pungency and antioxidant activity while achieving a sufficiently low water activity to prevent microbial growth and spoilage. The present study serves as an important work in providing insights into how the thermal and UV stabilities of piperine and phenolic compounds in hihatsumodoki pepper fruits affect the physicochemical and antioxidant properties when the fruits are subjected to different drying conditions. The work described in this paper will be of use to a wide range of readers interested in optimizing drying processes based on experimental data, and may be applicable to a variety of Piperaceae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of solar‐ and oven‐drying on physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics of hihatsumodoki ( Piper retrofractum Vahl) fruit

Takahashi

Ohshiro

Ohno

et al. 2017

J Food Process Preserv

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“…Topological features of the landscape and/or environmental variables associated with elevation may indirectly influence patterns of CBDV movement and lead to the observed patterns of population structure by affecting aphid dispersal. However, it has been suggested that human transport of infected tillers is the primary mechanism underlying CBDV movement over long distances (Nair 2011). Therefore, it is perhaps more likely that socioeconomic factors and local transport networks underlie the observed patterns of spatial population genetic structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying geographic hot spots of reassortment in a multipartite plant virus

Savory

Varma

Ramakrishnan

2014

Evolutionary Applications

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Reassortment between different species or strains plays a key role in the evolution of multipartite plant viruses and can have important epidemiological implications. Identifying geographic locations where reassortant lineages are most likely to emerge could be a valuable strategy for informing disease management and surveillance efforts. We developed a predictive framework to identify potential geographic hot spots of reassortment based upon spatially explicit analyses of genome constellation diversity. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we examined spatial variation in the potential for reassortment among Cardamom bushy dwarf virus (CBDV; Nanoviridae, Babuvirus) isolates in Northeast India. Using sequence data corresponding to six discrete genome components for 163 CBDV isolates, a quantitative measure of genome constellation diversity was obtained for locations across the sampling region. Two key areas were identified where viruses with highly distinct genome constellations cocirculate, and these locations were designated as possible geographic hot spots of reassortment, where novel reassortant lineages could emerge. Our study demonstrates that the potential for reassortment can be spatially dependent in multipartite plant viruses and highlights the use of evolutionary analyses to identify locations which could be actively managed to facilitate the prevention of outbreaks involving novel reassortant strains.

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“…Results from a total of 100 samples collected (60 from Kerala State, 28 from Karnataka State, and 12 from Tamil Nadu) showed that sulfur content ranged from traces to 36 ppm in Kerala soils, traces to 27.5 ppm in Karnataka soils, and 15-36 ppm in Tamil Nadu soils. It is perhaps relevant to mention in this context that, for precise quantification of micronutrients, especially the problematic zinc, it would be preferable to reorient soil testing for available zinc on the basis of the "buffer power concept," as in the case of another important spice crop, namely, black pepper (Nair, 2004), which grows in situations similar to those of cardamom. Investigating the micronutrient status of cardamom-growing soils of South India, Srinivasan et al (1993b) indicated that available iron ranged from 14.6 to 65.8 ppm, available manganese from 1.3 to 44.8 ppm, available copper from 0.66 to 32.2 ppm, available zinc from 0.01 to 2.71 ppm, available boron from 0.05 to 3.7 ppm, and available molybdenum from 0.01 to 11.1 ppm.…”

Section: Secondary Nutrients and Micronutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although as many as 20 different genera of plant-parasitic nematodes have been reported in cardamom-growing soils (Ali, 1983), the root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), which attacks black pepper as well (Nair, 2004), causes the most damage to cardamom. Although as many as 20 different genera of plant-parasitic nematodes have been reported in cardamom-growing soils (Ali, 1983), the root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), which attacks black pepper as well (Nair, 2004), causes the most damage to cardamom.…”

Section: Diseases Caused By Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Agronomy and Economy of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)—The “King of Spices”

Cited by 25 publications

References 82 publications

Effects of solar‐ and oven‐drying on physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics of hihatsumodoki ( Piper retrofractum Vahl) fruit

Effects of solar‐ and oven‐drying on physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics of hihatsumodoki ( Piper retrofractum Vahl) fruit

Identifying geographic hot spots of reassortment in a multipartite plant virus

The Agronomy and Economy of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum M.): The “Queen of Spices”

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