The affinity and kinetics of inhibition of cysteine proteinases by intact recombinant bovine cystatin C

A secreted cystatin from the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis and its distinct expression patterns in relation to innate immunity

“…Cystatins have been proposed to function as defense proteins in plants and mammalians Olsson et al, 1999). In insects, a cystatin from the silk moth, Bombyx mori, also functions as a defense proteins against invading pathogens and parasites, many of which use cysteine proteases to enter their hosts (Yamamoto et al, 1999).…”

“…However, the regulation of protein turnover and protection of plants against insects and pathogens have been proposed in plants . Mammalian cystatin C had also been suggested to participate in the defense against the invasion of pathogens (Olsson et al, 1999). Filarial cystatins participate in pathogenicity and are thought to play a key role in the balance of the host-parasite immune relationship (Schierack et al, 2003).…”

Identification and characterization of a Cystatin gene from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

“…Cystatins are considered to be involved in the protection of cells from unfavorable proteolysis by intracellular and external cysteine proteinase and also involved in biological defense systems against invaders [20,21]. Members of Cystatin superfamily function as potent inhibitors of papain-like cysteine proteinases to regulate numerous processes that are dependent on endogenous cysteine proteinase activity [22].…”

Immune System and Its Relationships with Pathogens: Structure, Physiology, and Molecular Biology

“…In various species, cystatins are implicated in several functions related to immune response, epidermal homeostasis, antigen presentation, and inflammation [83][84][85]. In mammals, cystatin C is involved in the defense against pathogen [86]. Currently, cystatin sequence has been found in ticks, from cDNA library obtained from salivary glands of Ixodes scapularis [82,[87][88][89][90].…”