The 2 × 2 Model of Perfectionism and School‐ and Community‐based Sport Participation

Abstract

. (2014) The 2 × 2 model of perfectionism and school and community based sport participation. Psychology in the --Schools, 51 (9). 972 -985.

The 2 × 2 model of perfectionism and youth sport participation: A mixed-methods approach

“…Gaudreau (2016) recently reviewed research examining the 2 × 2 model in sport and dance. Seven studies were considered in Gaudreau's review Crocker, Gaudreau, Mosewich, & Kljajic, 2014;Gaudreau & Verner-Filion, 2012;Hill, 2013;Hill & Davis, 2014;Mallinson, Hill, Hall, & Gotwals, 2014;Quested, Cumming, & Duda, 2014). These studies included predominantly adult sport participants (k = 2), youth sport participants (k = 2), youth dancers (k = 2), and adult coaches (k = 1), and a range of outcomes.…”

Profiles of Perfectionism and School Anxiety: A Review of the 2 × 2 Model of Dispositional Perfectionism in Child Population

“…Nevertheless, this model attempted to offer a harmonious perspective between the categorical vs. the dimensional currents of research ( Gaudreau, 2013 ). Thus, various studies have recently tested the hypotheses of the model, most of them with a dimensional approach, using either the moderate hierarchical regression analysis method ( Gaudreau and Verner-Filion, 2012 ; Hill, 2013 ; Crocker et al, 2014 ; Damian et al, 2014 ; Hill and Davis, 2014 ; Mallison et al, 2014 ; Méndez-Giménez et al, 2014 ; Speirs-Neumeister et al, 2015 ) or structural equations ( Franche et al, 2012 ), but also grouping approaches through cluster analysis ( Cumming and Duda, 2012 ; Li et al, 2014 ). In addition, the possibility of grouping the perfectionist dimensions into two higher dimensions (EC and PS) has allowed researchers to test the hypotheses of the model using different measures of perfectionism.…”

“…Thus, for example, we highlight the use of the HMPS ( Franche et al, 2012 ; Gaudreau and Verner-Filion, 2012 ; Speirs-Neumeister et al, 2015 ) or its version for children and adolescents: the CAPS (Flett et al, 2000, un published; Damian et al, 2014 ), the FMPS ( Cumming and Duda, 2012 ) or the simultaneous employment of both ( Hill, 2013 ; Hill and Davis, 2014 ). In contrast, Li et al (2014) used the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised ( Slaney et al, 2001 ), whereas Mallison et al (2014) employed the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale 2 ( Gotwals and Dunn, 2009 ). Méndez-Giménez et al (2014) used the Inventario de Perfeccionismo Infantil [Child Perfectionism Inventory] ( Lozano et al, 2012 ).…”

A short review of perfectionism in sport, dance and exercise: out with the old, in with the 2 × 2

“…The most recent development in this area of research has been the proposal of a 2 × 2 model of perfectionism [38] Nine studies have examined the 2 × 2 model in sport, dance, and exercise. Six of these examined the model in athletes and coaches [40][41][42][43][44][45], three in dance [36,46,47], and none in exercise. These studies have provided 47 tests of each hypothesis and included various adaptive criterion variables (e.g., positive affect, intrinsic motivation, and physical self-worth) and maladaptive criterion variables (e.g., negative affect, fear of failure, and burnout).…”