The 1997 American Diabetes Association and 1999 World Health Organization criteria for hyperglycemia in the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes.

Gabir, Momin M.; Hanson, Robert L.; Dabelea, Dana; Imperatore, Giuseppina; Roumain, Janine; Bennett, P. H.; Knowler, William C.

doi:10.2337/diacare.23.8.1108

Cited by 499 publications

(342 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These results underscore the urgency for development of national strategies, which must cover both urban and rural communities, to improve detection, prevention and treatment of diabetes in China in order to avert an epidemic of diabetes and its complications. dicate that impaired fasting glucose might not be as sensitive as impaired glucose tolerance as a predictor of diabetes [22,23]. Furthermore, the ADA and WHO criteria might identify different groups of individuals [24,25].…”

Section: Mean Glucose Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Chinese adult population: International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA)

et al. 2003

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Aims/hypothesis. To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the general adult population of China. Methods. The International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in ASIA, conducted from 2000 to 2001, included a nationally representative sample of 15 540 adults, aged 35 to 74 years. An overnight fasting blood specimen was collected to measure serum glucose and information on history of diabetes and use of hypoglycaemic medications was obtained by a standard questionnaire. Undiagnosed diabetes (fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l) and impaired fasting glucose (6.1-6.9 mmol/l) were defined using the American Diabetes Association criteria. Results. Prevalence of self-reported diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and impaired fasting glucose in Chinese adults were 1.3%, 4.2%, and 7.3%, respectively. Overall, 5.2% or 12.7 million men and 5.8% or 13.3 million women in China aged 35 to 74 years had diabetes (self-reported diagnosis plus undiagnosed diabetes). The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was higher in residents of northern compared to southern China (7.4% vs 5.4%, p<0.001) and in those living in urban compared to rural areas (7.8% vs 5.1%, p<0.001). Conclusions/interpretation. Our results show that the prevalence of diabetes in the adult population in China is much higher than previously reported. Three out of every four diabetes patients are undiagnosed, indicative of a lack of population-based screening programmmes and a relatively rapid and recent increase in incidence of diabetes. These results indicate that diabetes has become a major public health problem in China and underscore the need for national strategies aimed at prevention and treatment of diabetes. [Diabetologia (2003) Diabetes is a well-established modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases in Western countries [1,2]. The importance of diabetes is likely to increase because the prevalence of diabetes, particularly Type 2 diabetes, has risen steadily during recent decades and is projected to continue to increase. The prevalence of diabetes in a recent survey in the U.S. was 7.8% in adults aged 20 years and older, with a further 6.9% recording an impaired fasting glucose concentration [3]. The increasing prevalence of diabetes in the U.S. population contrasts with the observed decline in the prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in the same populations [4,5]. The rising prevalence of obesity, related to caloric intake in excess of energy expenditure, is a likely cause for

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Section: Mean Glucose Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Chinese adult population: International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA)

et al. 2003

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“…The sensitivity and specificity of IFG and IGT in predicting subsequent development of diabetes are important characteristics of the two glucose categories. Previous studies have shown that in a high-risk population (Pima Indians) the sensitivity of the IFG category is lower than that of the IGT category [20], while in the European, white Caucasian population the sensitivity was the same for IFG and IGT [21]. The difference in performance between IFG and IGT may reflect the fact that the WHO-defined IFG group only identifies 20 to 30% of all individuals with IGT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It became clear that these two categories did not identify the same individuals [11] and they did not have the same impact on morbidity, mortality and cardiovascular risk profile [6,12]. However, both IFG and IGT do predict subsequent development of diabetes [20,21], confirming their role as pre-diabetic states. In the present study we have reviewed the impact of the ADA's proposed change in diagnostic criteria for IFG with respect to the prevalence of IFG, the concordance between IFG and IGT, the cardiovascular risk profiles and the likely impact on prevention strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating a pandemic of prediabetes: the proposed new diagnostic criteria for impaired fasting glycaemia

et al. 2004

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Aims/hypothesis. In November 2003 the American Diabetes Association expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus suggested a revision of the diagnostic criteria for IFG, lowering the diagnostic threshold from 6.1 to 5.6 mmol/l. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the consequences of this change with respect to: (i) the prevalence of IFG in five different countries; (ii) the concordance between IFG and IGT (classification of individuals); and (iii) the cardiovascular risk profile of these groups. Finally we discuss the likelihood that intervention for cardiovascular risk and prevention strategies developed for individuals with IGT are applicable to subjects with IFG. Methods. The first part of the study is based on the population-based Danish Inter99 study, where 6265 individuals, aged 30 to 60 years and without previously diagnosed diabetes, underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. The second part is based on the DETECT-2 project, in which studies from China, India, France and USA were used to analyse the impact of the proposed revision of the diagnostic criteria in different ethnic groups. Results. The proposed change in diagnostic criteria would increase the prevalence of IFG in Denmark from 11.8 to 37.6%. The proposed IFG category would identify 60.0% of all subjects with IGT compared to 29.2% with the old criteria, but among individuals with the new IFG category only 18.5% would also have IGT. Individuals with isolated IFG had lower insulin levels and a lower cardiovascular risk profile with the proposed criteria compared with the current WHO criteria. Data from the DETECT-2 study confirmed the marked increase in the prevalence of IFG, and the estimated number of individuals in the age range 40 to 64 years with IFG in urban India, urban China and the USA would increase by 78%, 135% and 193% respectively. Conclusions/interpretation. The proposed revised diagnostic criteria will lead to a dramatic increase in the prevalence of IFG, but the concordance rate between IFG and IGT remains low. This new IFG group will have a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile than the current IFG group as defined by the WHO. This seriously questions whether the existing intervention strategies are applicable to the new category of individuals with IFG.

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“…Hypertension was defined as a prior history of hypertension, current antihypertensive medication or a systolic and diastolic blood pressure of ≥140 and ≥90 mmHg respectively at discharge. Diabetes was considered to be present if a patient had a history of diabetes and glucose-lowering medication before admission, and also if the fasting glucose level was ≥7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) during hospitalisation [7]. ICH volumes were measured using an image analyser (Image-Pro Plus; Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of glucose level on early and long-term mortality after intracerebral haemorrhage: the Acute Brain Bleeding Analysis Study

et al. 2009

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Aims/hypothesis Admission hyperglycaemia is associated with a poor outcome in patients with ischaemic stroke. However, its prognostic effects after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are still unclear. Methods We prospectively enrolled patients with ICH at 33 centres in Korea between October 2002 and March 2004. A total of 1,387 patients who had ICH and underwent brain computed tomography within 48 h of symptom onset were included in the study (n=1,387). Clinical information and radiological findings were collected at admission. Glucose levels were examined in relation to early (up to 30 days after ictus) and long-term (after 30 days) mortality rates using Cox regression analysis. To eliminate short-term effects, long-term mortality rate analysis was performed on surviving patients for more than 30 days. Results The long-term mortality rate was 21.1% after a mean follow-up of 434.3±223.2 days and was found to increase significantly with glucose quartile (p<0.001). Admission glucose level was an independent risk factor for early mortality (per mmol/l; adjusted HR 1.10 [95% CI 1.01-1.19]), but not for long-term mortality. Moreover, when analysis was restricted to patients without diabetes, glucose level was found to be an independent risk factor for post-ICH mortality (n=1,119; adjusted HR 1.10 [95% CI 1.03-1.17]) and had marginal significance for early (p= 0.053) and long-term mortality (p=0.09). Conclusions/interpretation We found that admission glucose levels were associated with early mortality after ICH. In patients without diabetes, admission glucose levels were associated with long-term mortality. We therefore suggest that intensive lowering of glucose level should be further investigated in ICH patients.

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The 1997 American Diabetes Association and 1999 World Health Organization criteria for hyperglycemia in the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes.

Cited by 499 publications

References 12 publications

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Chinese adult population: International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA)

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Chinese adult population: International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA)

Creating a pandemic of prediabetes: the proposed new diagnostic criteria for impaired fasting glycaemia

Effects of glucose level on early and long-term mortality after intracerebral haemorrhage: the Acute Brain Bleeding Analysis Study

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