The 1310s Event

Slavin, Philip

doi:10.1057/978-1-137-43020-5_33

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Hay harvested in connection with excessive precipitation periods lost much of the nutrient content, increasing the risk for subsequent undernourishment among the domestic animals, while droughts reduced pasture productivity and the quantity of hay that could be harvested (Pfister & Wanner, 2021). Wet and cold conditions also helped to promote epidemics among animals (Newfield, 2009(Newfield, , 2015Slavin, 2012Slavin, , 2018. The resulting reduction of animal draught power, and in particular manure, had a significant impact on agricultural productivity.…”

Section: Climatic Stressors Behind Food Shortagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, wars could be amplified by famine as was the case of the Celâlî Rebellion in the Ottoman Empire c. 1595-1610 (White, 2011). Even the Great Famine (1315-1317) was not solely climate-driven (Campbell, 2010(Campbell, , 2016Slavin, 2019), with increasing poverty in the 1310s and wars compounding the effects of the food availability decline (Slavin, 2018) as did market failures (Slavin, 2014a).…”

Section: Insufficient Access To Available Food Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Famines occurred with increasing frequency, severity, and spatial extent in Europe from the turn of the 14th century (Aberth, 2013). Among them, the Great Famine (1315–1317), was likely the worst subsistence crisis in terms of mortality in northwestern Europe during the entire past millennium (Geens, 2018; Jordan, 1996; Slavin, 2018, 2019). It is estimated that there was an average population decline of

\approx

10% in the affected regions (Campbell, 2016).…”

Section: Brief Overview Of European Faminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Famines in medieval and early modern Europe—Connecting climate and society

Ljungqvist,

Seim,

Collet

2023

WIREs Climate Change

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The article evaluates recent scholarship on famines in Europe during the medieval and early modern periods (c. 700–1800), synthesizing the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge and identifying both research gaps and interdisciplinary potentials. Particular focus is placed on how, and to what extent, climatic change and variability is given explanatory power in famine causation. Current research, supported by recent advances in palaeoclimatology, reveals that anomalous cold conditions constituted the main environmental backdrop for severe food production crises that could result in famines in pre‐industrial Europe. Such food crises occurred most frequently between c. 1550 and 1710, during the climax of the Little Ice Age cooling, and can be connected to the strong dependency on grain in Europe during this period. The available body of scholarship demonstrates that famines in medieval and early modern Europe best can be understood as the result of the interactions of climatic and societal stressors responding to pre‐existing vulnerabilities. Recent research has shown that societal responses to these famines, and the appropriation of their consequences, have been much more comprehensive, dynamic, and substantial than previously assumed. The article concludes by providing recommendations for future studies on historical famines.This article is categorized under: Climate, History, Society, Culture > Major Historical Eras Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Paleoclimate

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Section: Climatic Stressors Behind Food Shortagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Insufficient Access To Available Food Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

\approx

10% in the affected regions (Campbell, 2016).…”

Section: Brief Overview Of European Faminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Famines in medieval and early modern Europe—Connecting climate and society

Ljungqvist,

Seim,

Collet

2023

WIREs Climate Change

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“…101 Examples of agricultural disruption and hence malnutrition and ill health are common early in the LIA, with much of northern Europe suffering famine conditions in the early fourteenth century and with famine conditions expanding south by middle of the century. 102 During the Third Pandemic, Tambora and the unknown 1808/1809 eruption caused a similar depression of Northern Hemisphere temperatures with Yunnan province suffering terribly through crop failure immediately after the eruption and further until the middle of the nineteenth century. 103 This close succession of large scale volcanic eruptions is also analogous with first pandemic which began immediately following the 536 C.E.…”

Section: The Third Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanism and global plague pandemics: Towards an interdisciplinary synthesis

Fell

Baldini

Dodds

et al. 2020

Journal of Historical Geography

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“…The temporal proximity of these extreme events compromised the chance for recovery, culminating in a period of scarcity and hunger known as the Great Famine of 1315–1322 (Kershaw, 1973). To Slavin (2018, p. 495), it was “the single harshest subsistence crisis in Europe of the last two millennia.” In Ireland and Britain, in particular, conditions were aggravated by large-scale military operations in Wales (1277–1283, 1316), Gascony (1294–1303), and Scotland (1296–1328) (Prestwich, 1997, pp. 170–202; 376–401; 469–517).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Economic Degradation on the Uí Bhriain Civil War (1276–1318): An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

Carvalho

2023

Social Science Computer Review

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Between 1276 and 1318, English magnates unsuccessfully attempted to establish a lordship in the Irish kingdom of Thomond, southwestern Ireland, by exploiting a dynastic feud dividing the then-ruling lineage, the Uí Bhriain. The conflict coincided with a series of extreme events that beset western Europe in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, such as the beginning of the Little Ice Age and the Great European Famine of 1315–1322. The goal of this work was to evaluate to the extent to which economic degradation at the turn of the 14th century affected the outcome of the war. The hypothesis that such degradation affected the war’s outcome was tested using agent-based modeling, which involved the virtual reconstruction of Late Medieval Thomond to study past conditions by proxy. This article describes the historical research carried out to elaborate the conceptual model, the implementation of the model as a computer simulation, and the experiments carried out to virtually explore the Uí Bhriain Civil War. A quantitative analysis of the experimental results revealed some correlation between late 13th century economic degradation and the fortunes of belligerent factions in the wars of 1276–1318, although the effect was not sufficiently strong to have been a crucial factor in the outcome of the conflict.

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The 1310s Event

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Famines in medieval and early modern Europe—Connecting climate and society

Famines in medieval and early modern Europe—Connecting climate and society

Volcanism and global plague pandemics: Towards an interdisciplinary synthesis

The Impact of Economic Degradation on the Uí Bhriain Civil War (1276–1318): An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

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