Thalamic innervation of striatal and subthalamic neurons projecting to the rat entopeduncular nucleus

Lanciego, José L.; Gonzalo, Nancy; Castle, M.; Sanchez-Escobar, Carlos; Aymerich, Marta; Obeso, José A.

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03244.x

Cited by 69 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Both direct and indirect pathway MSNs have been shown to receive synaptic input from the cortex (Somogyi et al, 1981;Hersch et al, 1995;Lei et al, 2004). Light microscopic studies have suggested that the same is true for thalamostriatal afferents (Lanciego et al, 2004;Castle et al, 2005). Electron microscopic studies in primates have suggested that afferents from the centromedian nucleus (CM) of the thalamus preferentially innervate direct pathway MSNs (Sidibé and Smith, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cortical and Thalamic Innervation of Direct and Indirect Pathway Medium-Sized Spiny Neurons in Mouse Striatum

Doig¹,

Moss²,

Bolam³

2010

J. Neurosci.

203

173

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The striatum receives major excitatory inputs from the cortex and thalamus that predominantly target the spines of medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs). We aimed to determine whether there is any selectivity of these two excitatory afferents in their innervation of direct and indirect pathway MSNs. To address this, we used bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice, in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reports the presence of D 1 or D 2 dopamine receptor subtypes, markers of direct and indirect pathway MSNs, respectively. Excitatory afferents were identified by the selective expression of vesicular glutamate transporter type 1 (VGluT1) by corticostriatal afferents and vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGluT2) by thalamostriatal afferents. A quantitative electron microscopic analysis was performed on striatal tissue from D 1 and D 2 mice that was double immunolabeled to reveal the EGFP and VGluT1 or VGluT2. We found that the proportion of synapses formed by terminals derived from the cortex and thalamus was similar for both direct and indirect pathway MSNs. Furthermore, qualitative analysis revealed that individual cortical or thalamic terminals form synapses with both direct and indirect pathway MSNs. Similarly, we observed a convergence of cortical and thalamic inputs onto individual MSNs of both direct and indirect pathway: individual EGFP-positive structures received input from both VGluT2-positive and VGluT2-negative terminals. These findings demonstrate that direct and indirect pathway MSNs are similarly innervated by cortical and thalamic afferents; both projections are thus likely to be critical in the control of MSNs and hence play fundamental roles in the expression of basal ganglia function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cortical and Thalamic Innervation of Direct and Indirect Pathway Medium-Sized Spiny Neurons in Mouse Striatum

Doig¹,

Moss²,

Bolam³

2010

J. Neurosci.

203

173

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“…The centromedian-parafascicular thalamic complex (CM-Pf) is one major source of glutamatergic innervation of several basal ganglia nuclei, including the striatum, 1-15 the subthalamic nucleus (STN), 4,7,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] the globus pallidus, and the substantia nigra. 15,21,22 Projections arising from the caudal intralaminar nuclei are excitatory and use glutamate as neurotransmitter.…”

Section: Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesion of the centromedian thalamic nucleus in MPTP‐treated monkeys

et al. 2008

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The caudal intralaminar nuclei are a major source of glutamatergic afferents to the basal ganglia. Experiments in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model have shown that the parafascicular nucleus is overactive and its lesion alleviates basal ganglia neurochemical abnormalities associated with dopamine depletion. Accordingly, removal of this excitatory innervation of the basal ganglia could have a beneficial value in the parkinsonian state. To test this hypothesis, unilateral kainate-induced chemical ablation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus (CM) has been performed in MPTPtreated monkeys. Successful lesions restricted to the CM boundaries (n = 2) without spreading over other neighboring thalamic nuclei showed an initial, short-lasting, and mild change in the parkinsonian motor scale but no effect against levodopa-induced dyskinesias. The lack of significant and persistent motor improvement leads us to conclude that unilateral selective lesion of the CM alone cannot be considered as a suitable surgical approach for the treatment of PD or levo-dopa-induced dyskinesias. The role of the caudal intralaminar nuclei in the pathophysiology of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin remains to be clarified. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptThe centromedian-parafascicular thalamic complex (CM-Pf) is one major source of glutamatergic innervation of several basal ganglia nuclei, including the striatum, 1-15 the subthalamic nucleus (STN), 4,7,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] the globus pallidus, and the substantia nigra. 15,21,22 Projections arising from the caudal intralaminar nuclei are excitatory and use glutamate as neurotransmitter. [23][24][25] In recent years, a number of studies have suggested a possible role for the CM-Pf complex on the pathophysiology of movement disorders. 26,27 In rats, Pf neurons that innervate the STN 28,29 and the striatum 25 are known to be hyperactive after unilateral midbrain dopaminergic lesion with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Indeed, the chemical ablation of Pf in rodents is highly effective in reversing the increases on STN metabolic activity typically observed after dopamine depletion. 30 Interestingly, early observations considered the CM/Pf as a target by deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of levodopainduced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease, [31][32][33] and this has recently been proposed in combination with DBS of the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi). 34 On the other hand, important cell loss has been described in the CM-Pf of PD patients 35 as well as in rodents after nigrostriatal damage. 25,36 To further assess the relevance of the CM/Pf as a potential therapeutic target for parkinsonism and levodopa-induced dyskinesias, we have performed chemical ablation of the caudal intralaminar nuclei in MPTP-treated monkeys and determined its impact on parkinsonian motor signs and dyskinesias. SUBJECTS AND METHODSA total number of five young adult male Macaca fascicularis primates (body weight ranging fr...

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“…Such functional differences are consistent with forebrain control of energy homeostasis in which a fall in O 2 availability triggers a transduction cascade involving activation of 5=-nucleotidase, formation of ADO, stimulation of A 2A receptors, and excitation of Pf neurons that depress respiration (40,42,44). Activity of Pf neurons is reflected in changes in expression of molecular intermediates in mitochondrial O 2 consumption and other elements and pathways of cellular energetics (4,31,51,63,75). These advances now enable the study of molecular components of Pf related to neuronal activation and control of energy metabolism.…”

Section: Physiological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…This derived primarily from early recognition of degeneration of substantia nigra neurons (79), its role in Parkinson's disease (4,31,33,75), and evidence of its segregated striatal projections (51,84,85,88,94), as well as widespread interest in recognition of its distinctive role in metabolic regulation (4,33,51,63,75,94). The classification of Pf together with the centre median nucleus as part of the intralaminar group (8) or the "postmedial group" proposed by Rose (69) shall presumably rely upon recent findings now emerging from identification of molecular components and their regulators in conserving the energetics that sustain respiration and tissue oxygenation (75,76).…”

Section: Thalamic Pf and Hypoxic Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The critical involvement of ADO A 2A receptors in hypoxic respiratory inhibition (40,44,95) and recent identification of metabolic components reflecting changes in activity of Pf neurons (4,33,51,63,75) suggest that the metabolic profile of Pf neurons determines the extent of hypoxic ventilatory decline and enable future studies with powerful new tools to explore the molecular intermediates and pathways involved in activating Pf neurons (40).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Thalamic mediation of hypoxic respiratory depression in lambs

Koos

Rajaee

Ibe

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Koos BJ, Rajaee A, Ibe B, Guerra C, Kruger L. Thalamic mediation of hypoxic respiratory depression in lambs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 310: R586 -R595, 2016. First published January 28, 2016 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00412.2015.-Immaturity of respiratory controllers in preterm infants dispose to recurrent apnea and oxygen deprivation. Accompanying reductions in brain oxygen tensions evoke respiratory depression, potentially exacerbating hypoxemia. Central respiratory depression during moderate hypoxia is revealed in the ventilatory decline following initial augmentation. This study determined whether the thalamic parafascicular nuclear (Pf) complex involved in adult nociception and sensorimotor regulation (Bentivoglio M, Balerecia G, Kruger L. Prog Brain Res 87: 53-80, 1991) also becomes a postnatal controller of hypoxic ventilatory decline. Respiratory responses to moderate isocapnic hypoxia were studied in conscious lambs. Hypoxic ventilatory decline was compared with peak augmentation. Pf and/or adjacent thalamic structures were destroyed by the neuron-specific toxin ibotenic acid (IB). IB lesions involving the thalamic Pf abolished hypoxic ventilatory decline. Lesions of adjacent thalamic nuclei that spared Pf and control injections of vehicle failed to blunt hypoxic respiratory depression. Our findings reveal that the thalamic Pf region is a critical controller of hypoxic ventilatory depression and thus a key target for exploring molecular concomitants of forebrain pathways regulating hypoxic ventilatory depression in early development. brain; biphasic ventilation; hypoxia; respiratory inhibition; thalamus; sheep THE CRITICAL TRANSITION FROM fetus to newborn depends upon timely transfer of respiratory gas exchange from the placenta to lung and an essential change in respiratory control. In contrast to postnatal respiration, fetal breathing involves fluid-filled lungs, minimal pulmonary expansion, prolonged apneas, modulation by glycemia, independence of normal fluctuations in respiratory gases, expression limited to specific behavioral states, and inhibition by moderate hypoxia (47). Thus, parturitional changes critical for survival involve the onset of continuous breathing and hypoxic hyperpnea. Pioneering studies at Cambridge (5) and Oxford (20,21,39) revealed the uniqueness of the control of respiratory muscles in fetal sheep. The ovine model had considerable advantages in resistance to surgery-induced labor, and the large fetus facilitated instrumentation and measurement of blood gases and pH. This work and subsequent discoveries in sheep (e.g., Refs. 10,12,13,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,71,92) were instrumental in establishing the foundation for perinatal medicine.Immaturity of central respiratory controllers dispose newborns to recurrent apnea and thus O 2 deprivation. Respiratory responses to hypoxic stress include a rapid-onset stimulation (augmentation) followed by a gradual decline (depression). Putative O 2 sensors in the supramedullary brain stem (9, 52, 58, 81, 82, 90) mediate the depressant ...

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Thalamic innervation of striatal and subthalamic neurons projecting to the rat entopeduncular nucleus

Cited by 69 publications

References 78 publications

Cortical and Thalamic Innervation of Direct and Indirect Pathway Medium-Sized Spiny Neurons in Mouse Striatum

Cortical and Thalamic Innervation of Direct and Indirect Pathway Medium-Sized Spiny Neurons in Mouse Striatum

Lesion of the centromedian thalamic nucleus in MPTP‐treated monkeys

Thalamic mediation of hypoxic respiratory depression in lambs

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