atient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments elicit self-reported perceptions of patient health in a standardized format. 1 Clinical implementation of PROs has increased internationally in a variety of clinical settings, 2,3 with emerging evidence suggesting they increase patient satisfaction, 4 improve patient-provider communication, 5 and aid in the management of chronic conditions. 6 However, integrating PROs into clinical workflow remains a barrier to implementation, with common challenges that include patient completion, provider review of results, integration into clinical decision-making, and future accessibility of data. 7
CLEFT-QThe CLEFT-Q is a condition-specific, validated PRO with 12 modules that assesses the aesthetic, 8 functional, [9][10][11] and psychosocial domains commonly implicated in cleft lip or palate (CL/P), including Summary: Implementation of patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools has increased internationally in a variety of clinical settings, with emerging evidence suggesting benefits for patient satisfaction, improved patient-provider communication, and management of chronic conditions. However, integrating PROs into clinical workflow remains a barrier to implementation, with common challenges including patient completion, provider review of results, and future accessibility of data. Cleft lip and/or palate presents with a variety of aesthetic, functional, and psychosocial sequelae optimally managed by a multidisciplinary team, and the CLEFT-Q is a validated 12-module PRO that captures patient perception in these domains. Given the emerging proven benefits of using PROs in a clinical setting, the authors integrated the CLEFT-Q PRO at a multidisciplinary cleft and craniofacial clinic at a large, urban, tertiary care center. The authors collaborated with their institution's electronic health record clinical informatics team to automatically identify eligible cleft lip and/or palate patients and generate the CLEFT-Q PRO before weekly multidisciplinary cleft and craniofacial clinic days. Patient results were automatically scored, compared with agebased normative data, and populated into the electronic health record patient note. CLEFT-Q results were viewed by clinicians during patient visits to initiate module-specific discussion in relation to patient age-based normative results. Patient-specific CLEFT-Q data were also discussed during multidisciplinary cleft and craniofacial team discussions to aid in clinical decision-making. This experience may have applicability to other PRO tools in plastic surgery and other medical specialties where integrating PROs may yield superior patient experience and outcomes.