Expression of Concern: Th17 and Treg cells function in SARS‐CoV2 patients compared with healthy controls

Sadeghi, Armin; Tahmasebi, Safa; Mahmood, Arshad; Кузнецова, М С; Valizadeh, Hassan; Taghizadieh, Ali; Nazemiyeh, Masoud; Aghebati‐Maleki, Leili; Jadidi‐Niaragh, Farhad; Abbaspour-Aghdam, Sanaz; Roshangar, Leila; Mikaeili, Haleh; Ahmadi, Majid

doi:10.1002/jcp.30047

Cited by 142 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…CD4 + T cells consist of several subpopulations, such as Th1, Th17, and Treg cells, and a better understanding of different subpopulations of CD4 + T cells could better manage the patients with COVID-19. Sadeghi et al showed that critical COVID-19 patients had a higher frequency of Th17 and Th17/Treg cell ratio compared with healthy adults [24]. In contrast, we demonstrated that critical COVID-19 patients had significantly lower Th17 and Th17/Treg cell ratios compared with both healthy and moderate/severe groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Reduced frequency of T helper 17 and T helper 1 cells and their association with critical coronavirus disease 2019

Shahbazi

Jafari

Moulana

et al. 2021

APMIS

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There is very little knowledge about the immune responses, particularly cellular immunity to coronavirus disease 2019 . The main objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of T helper (Th) cell subtypes, including Th1, Th17, and Treg cells, in moderate-to-severe and critical COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Twenty-nine moderate-to-severe and 13 critical patients confirmed for COVID-19, and 15 healthy subjects were included in this study. Interferon-c (IFN-c)-producing Th1 and interleukin-17A-producing Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood were measured with flow cytometry. The frequency of Th1 and Th17 was significantly decreased in critical patients compared to healthy subjects (aMD: À2.76 and À 2.34) and moderate-to-severe patients (aMD: À1.89 and À 1.89), respectively (p < 0.05). Differences were not significant between moderate-to-severe patients and healthy subjects for both Th1 (p = 0.358) and Th17 (p = 0.535), respectively. In contrast, significant difference was not observed between study subjects regarding the frequency of Treg cells. Patients with critical COVID-19 had a markedly lower Th1/Treg and Th17/Treg ratios compared with the controls and moderate-to-severe cases. Our study showed a dysregulated balance of Th1 and Th17 cells and its relation to the severity of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Reduced frequency of T helper 17 and T helper 1 cells and their association with critical coronavirus disease 2019

Shahbazi

Jafari

Moulana

et al. 2021

APMIS

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“…Given the role of the immune system in defense against SARS-CoV2 as well as the viral immunopathogenesis, targeting immune responses such as suppressing Th1 and Th17 cell responses and augmenting the Treg cell responses can be effective in reducing the inflammation and accelerating the rehabilitation and recovery process in infected patients [ 25 ]. The reduced frequency and dysfunction of Treg cells in the course of SARS-CoV2 infection lead to disease progression, respiratory system injury, and ARDS [ 26 , 27 ]. Also, the enhanced number of naive T helper cells and downregulated frequency of Treg cells [mainly induced Treg (iTreg) cells] were detected in severe COVID-19 patients and proposed the essential roles of these cells in disease immunopathogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocurcumin improves Treg cell responses in patients with mild and severe SARS-CoV2

et al. 2021

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In Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a decreased number of regulatory T (Treg) cells and their mediated factors lead to a hyperinflammatory state due to overactivation of the inflammatory cells and factors during the infection. In the current study, we evaluated the Nanocurcumin effects on the Treg cell population and corresponding factors in mild and severe COVID-19 patients. To investigate the Nanocurcumin effects, 80 COVID-19 patients (40 at the severe stage and 40 at the mild stage) were selected and classified into Nanocurcumin and placebo arms. In both the Nanocurcumin and placebo groups, the Treg cell frequency, the gene expression of Treg transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), and cytokines (IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β), as well as the serum levels of cytokines were measured before and after treatment. In both mild and severe COVID-19 patients, Nanocurcumin could considerably upregulate the frequency of Treg cells, the expression levels of FoxP3, IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β, as well as the serum secretion levels of cytokines in the Nanocurcumin-treated group compared to the placebo group. The abovementioned factors were remarkably increased in the post-treatment with Nanocurcumin before pre-treatment conditions. By contrast, it has been observed no notable alterations in the placebo group. Our findings revealed the SinaCurcumin® effective function in a significant increase in the number of Treg cells and their mediated factors in the Nanocurcumin group than in the placebo group in both mild and severe patients. Hence, it would be an efficient therapeutic agent in rehabilitating COVID-19 infected patients.

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“…Studies on Treg cells in COVID-19 patients are insufficient, but some reports showed that Treg cells within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of COVID-19 patients were decreased [ 10 , 11 ], while other reports found a relative increase in COVID-19 patients with severe disease or/and lymphopenia [ 12 , 13 ]. If the decreased Treg cells in PBMCs are due to the pulmonary recruitment of these cells along with Teff cells [ 15 ], which is one of the potential reasons for lymphopenia in severe COVID-19 patients [ 6 ], perhaps we should ask why aged patients do not have less lung inflammation compared to young COVID-19 patients, since those aged Treg cells have relatively enhanced suppression function [ 79 ].…”

Section: How Does Age-related Thymic Involution and Subsequent T-cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th1-biased cellular immune responses typically direct the killing of the virus, while Th2-biased responses are usually associated with lung allergy in respiratory infections [ 9 ]. The roles of Treg cells reported during COVID-19 are thus far contradictory, either reportedly decreased [ 10 , 11 ] or relatively increased in COVID-19 patients with severe disease or/and lymphopenia [ 6 , 12 , 13 ]. The roles of Treg cells in COVID-19 patients should perhaps be assessed based on their physiological localization and disease stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymic Aging May Be Associated with COVID-19 Pathophysiology in the Elderly

Wang

Thomas

et al. 2021

Cells

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and particularly exhibits severe symptoms and mortality in elderly individuals. Mounting evidence shows that the characteristics of the age-related clinical severity of COVID-19 are attributed to insufficient antiviral immune function and excessive self-damaging immune reaction, involving T cell immunity and associated with pre-existing basal inflammation in the elderly. Age-related changes to T cell immunosenescence is characterized by not only restricted T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity, accumulation of exhausted and/or senescent memory T cells, but also by increased self-reactive T cell- and innate immune cell-induced chronic inflammation, and accumulated and functionally enhanced polyclonal regulatory T (Treg) cells. Many of these changes can be traced back to age-related thymic involution/degeneration. How these changes contribute to differences in COVID-19 disease severity between young and aged patients is an urgent area of investigation. Therefore, we attempt to connect various clues in this field by reviewing and discussing recent research on the role of the thymus and T cells in COVID-19 immunity during aging (a synergistic effect of diminished responses to pathogens and enhanced responses to self) impacting age-related clinical severity of COVID-19. We also address potential combinational strategies to rejuvenate multiple aging-impacted immune system checkpoints by revival of aged thymic function, boosting peripheral T cell responses, and alleviating chronic, basal inflammation to improve the efficiency of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity and vaccination in the elderly.

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Expression of Concern: Th17 and Treg cells function in SARS‐CoV2 patients compared with healthy controls

Cited by 142 publications

References 49 publications

Reduced frequency of T helper 17 and T helper 1 cells and their association with critical coronavirus disease 2019

Reduced frequency of T helper 17 and T helper 1 cells and their association with critical coronavirus disease 2019

Nanocurcumin improves Treg cell responses in patients with mild and severe SARS-CoV2

Thymic Aging May Be Associated with COVID-19 Pathophysiology in the Elderly

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