Texture and morphology of nickel coatings deposited in the presence of surfactants

Electrochemical deposition of nickel targets from aqueous electrolytes for medical radioisotope production in accelerators: a review

“…Thus, wetting agents diminish surface tension of the electrolyte, reduce undesired effects due to formation of H 2 bubbles and improve homogeneity and microstructure of the Ni coating [75,115,[122][123][124][125]. Other surfactants act as levellers and affect the deposit morphology and crystalline structure (size and preferred orientation), improve uniformity of the deposit thickness and reduce its roughness [107,114,115,124,[126][127][128][129].…”

Electrochemical deposition of nickel targets from aqueous electrolytes for medical radioisotope production in accelerators: a review

“…Thus, wetting agents diminish surface tension of the electrolyte, reduce undesired effects due to formation of H 2 bubbles and improve homogeneity and microstructure of the Ni coating [75,115,[122][123][124][125]. Other surfactants act as levellers and affect the deposit morphology and crystalline structure (size and preferred orientation), improve uniformity of the deposit thickness and reduce its roughness [107,114,115,124,[126][127][128][129].…”

Electrochemical deposition of nickel targets from aqueous electrolytes for medical radioisotope production in accelerators: a review

“…Thus, wetting agents diminish surface tension of the electrolyte, reduce undesired effects due to formation of H 2 bubbles and improve homogeneity and microstructure of the Ni coating [75,115,[122][123][124][125]. Other surfactants act as levellers and affect the deposit morphology and crystalline structure (size and preferred orientation), improve uniformity of the deposit thickness and reduce its roughness [107,114,115,124,[126][127][128][129].…”

Electrochemical deposition of nickel targets from aqueous electrolytes for medical radioisotope production in accelerators: a review

“…Thus, wetting agents diminish surface tension of the electrolyte, reduce undesired effects due to formation of H 2 bubbles and improve homogeneity and microstructure of the Ni coating [75,115,[122][123][124][125]. Other surfactants act as levellers and affect the deposit morphology and crystalline structure (size and preferred orientation), improve uniformity of the deposit thickness and reduce its roughness [107,114,115,124,[126][127][128][129].…”