Textile Organic Electrochemical Transistors as a Platform for Wearable Biosensors

Gualandi, Isacco; Marzocchi, Marco; Achilli, Andrea; Cavedale, Dario; Bonfiglio, Annalisa; Fraboni, Beatrice

doi:10.1038/srep33637

Cited by 158 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Within this context, OECTs-based sensors seem particularly suitable for the fabrication of wearable devices, essentially for three main reasons [60]. First, as described in earlier sections, OECTs are biased using very low voltages (<1 V), allowing the utilization of portable, low-power sources.…”

Section: Oects For Wearable Electronics Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Use of Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Sensing of Metabolites in Aqueous Media

et al. 2018

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Featured Application: Sensing organic molecules in water.Abstract: This review first recalls the basic functioning principles of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) then focuses on the transduction mechanisms applicable to OECTs. Materials constituting the active semiconducting part are reviewed, from the historical conducting polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole) to the actual gold standard, poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS), as well as the methods used to fabricate these transistors. The review then focuses on applications of OECTs for the detection of small molecules and more particularly of metabolites, with a distinction between enzymatic and non-enzymatic transduction pathways. Finally, the few patents registered on the topic of OECT-based biosensors are reviewed, and new tracks of improvement are proposed. applied to biosensing quite early, associated with enzymes [4][5][6]. This is because, due to their functioning mechanism (already identified at the time), they brought into play the same charge carriers as most biological functions, i.e., electrons but also ions, and were therefore sensitive both to electron transfer to/from redox enzymes or ions (e.g., protons) produced from other types of enzymes. This is a characteristic which distinguished them from organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), which started to raise the attention of researchers exactly at the same period (precisely, 1983 for the first polyacetylene-based OFET [7]), and a few years later for applications to gas sensing (halogens, ammonia, oxygen [8-10] or even vapors of H 2 O, NO or H 2 O 2 [11][12][13][14]). However, OFETs never really produced any applicable results in the framework of biosensors in aqueous environment because of high operating voltages, of several tens of volts, which impede any measurements because of water electrolysis. Ion-sensitive organic field-effect transistors (ISOFETs), based on the same working principles of their inorganic counterparts (ISFETs) developed earlier [15,16], solved this problem of high operating potential, the electrolyte being not in direct contact with the semiconductor. However, these devices were confined mostly to protons detection [17][18][19] or, in any case, to charged species.As we show in this review, OECTs use both potentiometry and amperometry in their working principles. In that sense, OECTs are devices that represent a bridge between ISOFETs and classical amperometry, which certainly explains their success. This area of research is very active and several reviews have already been published on OECTs in general, for example by Kergoat et al. [1] or Rivnay et al. [3], or on OECTs applied to biology, for example by Liao and Yan [20], Liao et al. [21], Strakosas et al. [22] or . This present review, after going back to the basic functioning principles, along with details on transductions applicable to OECTs, reviews materials, fabrication techniques and then sensing applications. We focus on the detection of small molecules and more part...

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Section: Oects For Wearable Electronics Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Use of Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Sensing of Metabolites in Aqueous Media

et al. 2018

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“…Caldara et al [109] reported the efficient monitoring of sweat pH by a wearable sensor based on a cotton fabric treated with an organically modified silicate and miniaturized and low-power electronics with wireless interfaces. In a separate study, a fully textile, wearable organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) sensor for the detection of biomarkers in external body fluids was developed by Gualandi et al without using an invasive electrode [110].…”

Section: Textiles In Advanced Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Soft E-Textiles

Mondal

2018

Inventions

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E-textiles (electronic textiles) are fabrics that possesses electronic counterparts and electrical interconnects knitted into them, offering flexibility, stretchability, and a characteristic length scale that cannot be accomplished using other electronic manufacturing methods currently available. However, knitting is only one of the technologies in e-Textile integration. Other technologies, such as sewing, embroidery, and even single fiber-based manufacture technology, are widely employed in next-generation e-textiles. Components and interconnections are barely visible since they are connected intrinsically to soft fabrics that have attracted the attention of those in the fashion and textile industries. These textiles can effortlessly acclimatize themselves to the fast-changing wearable electronic markets with digital, computational, energy storage, and sensing requirements of any specific application. This mini-review focuses on recent advances in the field of e-textiles and focuses particularly on the materials and their functionalities.

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“…Organic‐based FET (OFET) biosensing devices have gathered a lot of attention as they typically engage large‐area processable semiconductors (SCs) as channel materials; so, they can be, in principle, produced at low cost. Moreover, organic semiconductors can be biocompatible and so amenable to be used for implantable bioelectronic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultimately Sensitive Organic Bioelectronic Transistor Sensors by Materials and Device Structure Design

Picca

Manoli

Macchia

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

113

140

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Organic bioelectronic sensors are gaining momentum as they can combine high-performance sensing level with flexible large-area processable materials. This opens to potentially highly powerful sensing systems for point-of-care health monitoring and diagnostics at low cost. Prominent to detect biochemical recognition events, are electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs) and organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) as they are easily fabricated and operated. EGOFETs are recently shown to be capable of labelfree single-molecule detections, even in serum. This progress report aims to provide a critical perspective through a selected overview of the literature on both EGOFET and OECT biosensors. Attention is paid to correctly attribute them to the potentiometric and amperometric biosensor categories, which is important to set the right conditions for quantification purposes. Moreover, to deepen the understanding of the sensing mechanisms, with the support of unpublished data, focus is put on two among the most critical aspects, namely, the capacitance interplay and the role of Faradaic currents. The final aim is to provide a rationale of the functional mechanisms encompassing both EGOFET and OECT sensors, to improve materials and devices' designs taking advantage of the processes that enhance the sensing response enabling the extremely highperformance level resulting in ultimate sensitivity, selectivity, and fast response.

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Textile Organic Electrochemical Transistors as a Platform for Wearable Biosensors

Cited by 158 publications

References 40 publications

Fabrication and Use of Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Sensing of Metabolites in Aqueous Media

Fabrication and Use of Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Sensing of Metabolites in Aqueous Media

Recent Advances in Soft E-Textiles

Ultimately Sensitive Organic Bioelectronic Transistor Sensors by Materials and Device Structure Design

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