The role of ferroelectric polarization state and crystal structure in determining the room temperature thermal conductivity of epitaxial BiFeO 3 thin films has been investigated. The ferroelectric domain configuration was varied by changing the oxygen partial pressure during growth, as well as by polarizing the samples by the application of an in-situ electric field during the thermal conductivity measurement. However, little or no dependence of thermal conductivity on the ferroelectric domain structure was observed. In contrast, the thermal conductivity did significantly depend on the morphotropic phase structure, being about 2/3 as large in tetragonal-like compared to rhombohedral-like BiFeO 3 film. The substantial structural dependence of thermal conductivity found here may provide a route to reversible manipulation of thermal properties.