Tetracycline and Staining of the Teeth

Grossman, Elmer R.

doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03370180068012

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Dosage, time of exposure to the drug, and stage of tooth mineralization at the time of usage will determine or influence the degree of tooth discoloration. Tooth staining also occurs with use of a number of derivatives of tetracycline including doxycycline and minocycline, among others, though the staining is typically less dramatic ( 42 , 43 ). Tetracycline binds irreversibly to and forms complexes with calcium orthophosphate in the affected teeth, which darkens with exposure to light due to oxidation ( 39 , 43 ).…”

Section: Odontogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Structural Tooth Defects in Dogs – Experience From Veterinary Dental Referral Practice and Review of the Literature

2016

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Developmental tooth abnormalities in dogs are uncommon in general veterinary practice but understanding thereof is important for optimal management in order to maintain masticatory function through preservation of the dentition. The purpose of this review is to discuss clinical abnormalities of the enamel and general anatomy of dog teeth encountered in veterinary dental referral practice and described in the literature. More than 900 referral cases are seen annually between the two referral practices. The basis of the pathogenesis, resultant clinical appearance, and the principles of management for each anomaly will be described. Future research should be aimed toward a more detailed analysis of these conditions so rarely described in the literature.

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Section: Odontogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Structural Tooth Defects in Dogs – Experience From Veterinary Dental Referral Practice and Review of the Literature

2016

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“…43 Hence, tetracyclines are contraindicated in pregnant women and in children under the age of 8 years because of their teratogenic effects on bone and tooth development in the fetus and because staining is more prevalent in growing children. 13,19,43 Tetracyclines also cause hyperpigmentation of the skin, thyroid, nails, sclera, conjunctiva, and bone. 43 The prevalence of tetracycline staining in the oral cavity is 3% to 6%.…”

Section: Bone Cartilage and Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Precautions in Athletes

Fayock

Voltz²,

Sandella

et al. 2013

Sports Health

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Context:Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment for bacterial infections in patients of all ages. Athletes who maximally train are at risk for illness and various infections. Routinely used antibiotics have been linked to tendon injuries, cardiac arrhythmias, diarrhea, photosensitivity, cartilage issues, and decreased performance.Evidence Acquisition:Relevant articles published from 1989 to 2012 obtained through searching MEDLINE and OVID. Also, the Food and Drug Administration website was utilized.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Results:The team physician should consider alternative medications in place of the “drug of choice” when adverse drug effects are a concern for an athlete’s health or performance. If alternative medications cannot be selected, secondary preventative measures, including sunscreen or probiotics, may be needed.Conclusion:Physicians choose medications based on a variety of factors to help ensure infection resolution while limiting potential side effects. Extra precautions are indicated when treating athletes with certain antibiotics.

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“…19,37 Therefore, the administration of TCN to pregnant women must be avoided during the 2nd or 3rd trimester of gestation and to children up to 8 years of age because it may result in discoloration and enamel hypoplasia. [40][41] The association between staining and enamel hypoplasia as a result of high doses of tetracycline during calcification is possible, 38 but also controversial. 8,41 The enamel hypoplasia may also be the result of the childhood disease, hereditary defects in enamel formation or prematurity of the child; all of which are known to cause enamel defects.…”

Section: Effects Of Tetracyclines On Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[40][41] The association between staining and enamel hypoplasia as a result of high doses of tetracycline during calcification is possible, 38 but also controversial. 8,41 The enamel hypoplasia may also be the result of the childhood disease, hereditary defects in enamel formation or prematurity of the child; all of which are known to cause enamel defects. 18 Adult-onset tooth discoloration following long-term ingestion of tetracycline 11 and minocycline [12][13][14][15][16]32 has also been reported.…”

Section: Effects Of Tetracyclines On Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetracycline and other tetracycline‐derivative staining of the teeth and oral cavity

2004

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Tetracyclines (TCN) were introduced in 1948 as broad-spectrum antibiotics that may be used in the treatment of many common infections in children and adults. One of the side-effects of tetracyclines is incorporation into tissues that are calcifying at the time of their administration. They have the ability to chelate calcium ions and to be incorporated into teeth, cartilage and bone, resulting in discoloration of both the primary and permanent dentitions. This permanent discoloration varies from yellow or gray to brown depending on the dose or the type of the drug received in relation to body weight. Minocycline hydrochloride, a semisynthetic derivative of tetracycline often used for the treatment of acne, has been shown to cause pigmentation of a variety of tissues including skin, thyroid, nails, sclera, teeth, conjunctiva and bone. Adult-onset tooth discoloration following long-term ingestion of tetracycline and minocycline has also been reported. The remarkable side-effect of minocycline on the oral cavity is the singular occurrence of "black bones", "black or green roots" and blue-gray to gray hue darkening of the crowns of permanent teeth. The prevalence of tetracycline and minocycline staining is 3-6%. The mechanism of minocycline staining is still unknown. Most of the reviewed literature consisted of case reports; longitudinal clinical trials are necessary to provide more information on the prevalence, severity, etiology and clinical presentation of tetracycline and TCN-derivative staining in the adult population.

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Tetracycline and Staining of the Teeth

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Developmental Structural Tooth Defects in Dogs – Experience From Veterinary Dental Referral Practice and Review of the Literature

Developmental Structural Tooth Defects in Dogs – Experience From Veterinary Dental Referral Practice and Review of the Literature

Antibiotic Precautions in Athletes

Tetracycline and other tetracycline‐derivative staining of the teeth and oral cavity

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