2011
DOI: 10.1126/science.1210597
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

Abstract: 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA plays an important role in gene expression, genomic imprinting, and suppression of transposable elements. 5mC can be converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by the Tet proteins. Here we show that, in addition to 5hmC, the Tet proteins can generate 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) from 5mC in an enzymatic activity-dependent manner. Furthermore, we reveal the presence of 5fC and 5caC in genomic DNA of mouse ES cells and mouse organs. The genomic content of 5h… Show more

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
1
1
1
1

Citation Types

38
2,530
5
36

Year Published

2011
2011
2020
2020

Publication Types

Select...
9
1

Relationship

1
9

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 2,908 publications
(2,609 citation statements)
references
References 17 publications
38
2,530
5
36
Order By: Relevance
“…In DNA, this reaction is catalysed by related Fe(II)/α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent oxygenases of the TET enzyme family, and the oxidation products play a significant role in epigenetic regulation in mammals (Tahiliani et al , 2009; Breiling & Lyko, 2015; Li et al , 2015). The TET enzymes produce hm 5 C as primary stable oxidation product, which can be further oxidised to f 5 C and 5‐carboxycytosine (ca 5 C), although these higher oxidation products are 10‐ to 100‐fold less abundant than hm 5 C in DNA and are mainly linked to active demethylation (Ito et al , 2011; Pfaffeneder et al , 2011; Wagner et al , 2015). In RNA, the analogous oxidation of m 5 C to hm 5 C has been reported by catalytic domains of mammalian TET enzymes (Fu et al , 2014) and the homologous Drosophila protein dTET (Delatte et al , 2016).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In DNA, this reaction is catalysed by related Fe(II)/α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent oxygenases of the TET enzyme family, and the oxidation products play a significant role in epigenetic regulation in mammals (Tahiliani et al , 2009; Breiling & Lyko, 2015; Li et al , 2015). The TET enzymes produce hm 5 C as primary stable oxidation product, which can be further oxidised to f 5 C and 5‐carboxycytosine (ca 5 C), although these higher oxidation products are 10‐ to 100‐fold less abundant than hm 5 C in DNA and are mainly linked to active demethylation (Ito et al , 2011; Pfaffeneder et al , 2011; Wagner et al , 2015). In RNA, the analogous oxidation of m 5 C to hm 5 C has been reported by catalytic domains of mammalian TET enzymes (Fu et al , 2014) and the homologous Drosophila protein dTET (Delatte et al , 2016).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Important regulators of DNA methylation include the writers (DNMT1 (maintenance methylation through DNA replication cycle), DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and DNMT3C (Barau et al, 2016) (de novo methyltransferases)), a cofactor without catalytic activity DNMT3L, and erasers (TET1–3). A distinct feature of DNA methylation in brain is that neurons are enriched in mCH (non‐CG methylation, H = A/C/T) and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC, established by TETs in the first of a series of stepwise modifications (Ito et al, 2011)).…”
Section: Molecular Links Between Aging and Admentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of proteins are responsible for the oxidation of 5mC into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) (Zhao et al, 2014), and whilst 5mC is typically associated with gene silencing effects, 5hmC is associated with an increase in gene expression (Coppieters et al, 2014). In addition, it has been found that TET can also covert 5mC into 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) (Ito et al, 2011). These alterations made to 5mC by TET are intermediate steps in the process of DNA demethylation; this can occur through the oxidation of 5mC and 5hmC into 5caC, which is then excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase, a base excision enzyme.…”
Section: Demethylationmentioning
confidence: 99%