Testing a comprehensive acid deposition model

Venkatram, Akula; Karamchandani, Prakash; Misra, P. K.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(88)90011-x

Cited by 186 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The host meteorological model is the Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model developed by the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) for operational weather prediction (Côté et al, 1998). The model system GEM-AQ/EC is an integration of a gas phase chemistry module (ADOM) (Venkatram et al, 1988) and an aerosol module (CAM) (Gong et al, 2003a) into the GEM. The aerosol module CAM considers all of the atmospheric aerosol processes: production, transport, growth, coagulation, dry and wet deposition for five mixed aerosols of soil dust, sulphate, sea-salt, organic and black carbon in 12 aerosol size (diameter) bins from 0.01 to 40.96 µm, and an explicit microphysical cloud module to treat aerosol-cloud interactions only with wet deposition in clouds and below clouds but without effects of aerosols on precipitation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemispheric transport and influence of meteorology on global aerosol climatology

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Based on a 10-yr simulation with the global air quality modeling system GEM-AQ/EC, the northern hemispheric aerosol transport with the inter-annual and seasonal variability as well as the mean climate was investigated. The intercontinental aerosol transport is predominant in the zonal direction from west to east with the ranges of interannual variability between 14 % and 63 %, and is 0.5-2 orders of magnitude weaker in the meridional direction but with larger inter-annual variability. The aerosol transport is found to fluctuate seasonally with a factor of 5-8 between the maximum in late winter and spring and the minimum in late summer and fall. Three meteorological factors controlling the intercontinental aerosol transport and its interannual variations are identified from the modeling results: (1) Anomalies in the mid-latitude westerlies in the troposphere.(2) Variations of precipitation over the intercontinental transport pathways and (3) Changes of meteorological conditions within the boundary layer. Changed only by the meteorology, the aerosol column loadings in the free troposphere over the source regions of Europe, North America, South and East Asia vary inter-annually with the highest magnitudes of 30-37 % in January and December and the lowest magnitudes of 16-20 % in August and September, and the interannual aerosol variability within the boundary layer influencing the surface concentrations with the magnitudes from 6 % to 20 % is more region-dependent. As the strongest climatic signal, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can lead the anomalies in the intercontinental aerosols in El Niño-and La Niña-years respectively with the strong and weak transport of the mid-latitude westerlies and the low latitude easterlies in the Northern Hemisphere (NH).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemispheric transport and influence of meteorology on global aerosol climatology

et al. 2012

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“…This is followed by the Canadian Aerosol Module (Gong et al, 2003a, b) which resolves aerosol size and chemical speciation using 12 bins (sectional approach) for 9 species (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, secondary organic aerosol, primary organic aerosol, elemental carbon, sea-salt, crustal material, and aerosol water). Processes treated by the aerosol module include particle microphysics (condensation of sulphate and secondary organic condensable mass, coagulation, nucleation of sulphate aerosols), aqueous-phase chemistry (ADOM aqueous phase mechanism, Venkatram et al, 1988;Fung et al, 1991;using solver of Young and Boris, 1977, for integration), wet deposition (precipitation production and flux from both resolved and sub-grid scales are included in the wet deposition calculation; Gong et al, 2006), inorganic heterogeneous chemistry of sulphate, nitrate and ammonium (HETV solver, Makar et al, 2003), sea-salt emissions (Gong et al, 2003a), and particle settling and deposition (Gong et al, 2003a;Zhang et al, 2001). Sub-grid-scale convective tracer mixing and transport is not included in AURAMS though these processes are resolved when AURAMS is used at high resolution.…”

Section: Auramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections of mid-century summer air-quality for North America: effects of changes in climate and precursor emissions

2012

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Abstract. Ten year simulations of North American current and future air-quality were carried out using a regional airquality model driven by a regional climate model, in turn driven by a general circulation model. Three separate summer scenarios were performed: a scenario representing the years 1997 to 2006, and two SRES A2 climate scenarios for the years 2041 to 2050. The first future climate scenario makes use of 2002 anthropogenic precursor emissions, and the second applied emissions scaling factors derived from the IPCC Representative Concentration Pathway 6 (RCP 6) scenario to estimate emissions for 2050 from existing 2020 projections. Ten-year averages of ozone and PM 2.5 at North American monitoring network stations were used to evaluate the model's current chemical climatology. The model was found to have a similar performance for ozone as when driven by an operational weather forecast model. The PM 2.5 predictions had larger negative biases, likely resulting from the absence of rainwater evaporation, and from sub-regional negative biases in the surface temperature fields, in the version of the climate model used here.The differences between the two future climate simulations and the current climate simulation were used to predict the changes to air-quality that might be expected in a future warmer climate, if anthropogenic precursor emissions remain constant at their current levels, versus if the RCP 6 emissions controls were adopted. Metrics of concentration, human health, and ecosystem damage were compared for the simulations. The scenario with future climate and current anthropogenic emissions resulted in worse air-quality than for current conditions -that is, the effect of climate-change alone, all other factors being similar, would be a worsening of air-quality. These effects are spatially inhomogeneous, with the magnitude and sign of the changes varying with region. The scenario with future climate and RCP 6 emissions for 2050 resulted in an improved air-quality, with decreases in key pollutant concentrations, in acute human mortality associated with air-pollution, and in sulphur and ozone deposition to the ecosystem. The positive outcomes of the RCP 6 emissions reductions were found to be of greater magnitude than the negative outcomes of climate change alone. The RCP 6 scenario however resulted in an increase in the deposition of nitrogen, as a result of increased ammonia emissions expected in that scenario, compared to current ammonia emissions levels.The results of the study raise the possibility that simultaneous reductions of greenhouse gases and air pollution precursors may further reduce air pollution levels, with the added benefits of an immediate reduction in the impacts of air pollution on human and ecosystem health. Further scenarios to investigate this possibility are therefore recommended.

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“…Since the 1970s, a number of models designed for different uses have been applied to Europe and North America (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Although some modeling studies have been carried out in Asia (7-9), long-range transport and deposition in Asia, especially in China, is less fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a LRT Model to Acid Rain Control in China

Hao

Duan

Zhou

et al. 2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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For further control of acid rain and SO 2 pollution in China, acid rain control zones and sulfur dioxide pollution control zones were designated where acid rain or serious SO 2 pollution occurs or may occur. In this study, sulfur deposition in east China was computed through a policyoriented, two-dimensional Eulerian model for longrange transport and deposition of SO 2 and SO 4 2-. The model predictions were in accordance with the wet deposition monitored. Results show that concentrations of SO 2 and SO 4 2-are higher in north China than those in the south, and high deposition of sulfur occurs in most areas of North China, in the lower reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and around Chongqing and Guiyang in southwest China. Total emission of SO 2 from the modeling region (from 19°N to 42°N, and from 104°E to 124°E) was about 20 million tons in 1995. The model predicts that 48% of this deposits within the region as dry deposition, 38% deposits as wet deposition, and only about 14% was transported out of the region. The modeling results of sulfur deposition were directly applied in designating acid rain control zones in China, and the emission-deposition relationship derived was also used to formulate middle-and long-range planning programs for regional acid rain control in China.

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Testing a comprehensive acid deposition model

Cited by 186 publications

References 4 publications

Hemispheric transport and influence of meteorology on global aerosol climatology

Hemispheric transport and influence of meteorology on global aerosol climatology

Projections of mid-century summer air-quality for North America: effects of changes in climate and precursor emissions

Application of a LRT Model to Acid Rain Control in China

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