Testicular Cancer Preventive Behavior among Nursing Males' Students: Intervention Guidelines

Abstract

Context: Testicular cancer is the most common form of urogenital cancers among young men aged between 20–40 years. The incidence of testicular cancer is rapidly increasing. It is highly curable when detected and treated early. 
 Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intervention guidelines on preventive behaviors among nursing males' students.
 Methods: A quasi-experimental study conducted at the technical institute of Beni-Suef university through the academic year (2018-2019). A convenient sample of (250) student male nurses have included in this study. Tools of data collection were a self-administrated questionnaire; Champion Health Belief Model Scale; testicular self-examination checklist, and student follow up card.
 Results: The current study revealed a mean age of students was 18.45 ± 1.65. The study showed that there was a significant increase in the mean score of satisfactory knowledge about testicular cancer and its preventive behaviors during follow up post-application of the intervention guideline at (p=0.001). Furthermore, an improvement in the testicular self-examination practices at post-intervention and follow (p=0.001). A statistically significant correlation revealed between the student nurses knowledge, practice, and preventive health believes and behaviors.
 Conclusion: The study concluded that intervention guideline designed based on the health belief model has a positive effect on promoting testicular cancer-preventive behaviors of student male nurses by improving their knowledge, practices, and health beliefs and behaviors. The study recommended dissemination of intervention guidelines among males at a different stage of life started from adolescents to reduce the risk of testicular cancer and its consequences on males reproductive health. Integrate the concept of TSE as a screening procedure for early detection of testicular cancer and other testicular disorders into the undergraduate curriculum of nursing faculties. Further research required to investigate barriers influencing the practice of testicular self-examination among Egyptian males.

Beliefs and behaviours of students in health‐related faculties regarding testicular self‐examination

“…Moreover, the concept of TSE as a screening procedure for early diagnosis of TC can be integrated into the undergraduate syllabus of all faculties. 34 In this study, while no significant differences (p > 0.05) were identified in the perceived susceptibility or importance/seriousness subdimensions of the CHBMS, significant differences (p < 0.05) were determined in the perceived benefits, barriers and self-efficacy/ confident sub-dimensions.…”

“…Moreover, in a related study conducted with undergraduate nursing students, it was reported that previously percentage of informed related to testis cancer was 17.1% 33 . In other related studies carried out with students, too, it was revealed that over half of participants had no knowledge about TSE 15,22,34 . Similarly, in a study made with adult men, it was determined that 88.2% of them had not received training in the subject of TSE 35 .…”

“…33 In other related studies carried out with students, too, it was revealed that over half of participants had no knowledge about TSE. 15,22,34 Similarly, in a study made with adult men, it was determined that 88.2% of them had not received training in the subject of TSE. 35 In a systematic review by Saab et al, consisting of studies examining the awareness of benign testicular disorders in men, it was reported that participants were uninformed about scrotal signs and symptoms, and that this situation contributed to their lack of awareness about TSE and testicular diseases.…”

“…With TSE‐related training given to young men, levels of awareness of this issue and of TSE implementation can be increased. Moreover, the concept of TSE as a screening procedure for early diagnosis of TC can be integrated into the undergraduate syllabus of all faculties 34 …”

Effect of educational guidelines on knowledge and practice regarding testicular self-examination among male students

“…Concerning on Correlation between total knowledge of the male students' and their total practice at pre of an instructional supportive guideline, it indicated that the there was a highly positive association between total knowledge of male students and total practice at pre of an instructional supportive guideline. This finding is compatible with the prior study conducted by Ahmed et al, (2019) who performed study about "Testicular Cancer Preventive Behavior among Nursing Males' Students: Intervention Guidelines" and showed that there was a highly positive association between total knowledge of male students and total practice pre and post Intervention Guidelines. On other hand, this result disagreement with study by Mizie-Okoye et al, (2016) who conducted study about "Testicular Cancer Awareness and Testicular self-examination among senior secondary school students in Urban Local Government Area of Rivers State" and stated that there was a negative association between total knowledge of male students and total practice.…”