Test of Time Dilation Using Stored<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Li</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Ions as Clocks at Relativistic Speed

Botermann, B.; Bing, Dennis; Geppert, Christopher; Gwinner, G.; Hänsch, Theodor W.; Huber, G.; Karpuk, S.; Krieger, A.; Kühl, T.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Novotny, C.; Reinhardt, S.; Sánchez, R.; Schwalm, D.; Stöhlker, Thomas; Wolf, A.; Saathoff, G.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.120405

Cited by 72 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…With a fixed frequency, antiparallel laser beam resonant with one of the legs of the Λ while scanning the second parallel laser beam over the second leg, fluorescence is observed only when both lasers are resonant with the same ions at the center β 0 of the velocity distribution. In this case, Doppler absorption equations (47A) and (47B) are modified as, (49A) and (49B), we get; = (50) Botermann, et al (2014) have confirmed that equations (48) and (50) have been experimentally verified with high accuracy at β=0.338 thereby validating the Doppler absorption equations (42) and (47). It is a matter of historical misinterpretation that such sophisticated experiments are being regarded as verification of Time dilation or Lorentz Invariance, instead of verification of Doppler absorption equations.…”

Section: Tests For Verification Of Doppler Effect For Photonssupporting

confidence: 71%

Distinct Doppler Effects for Spontaneously Emitted Photons and Continuously Emitted Waves

Sandhu¹

2017

APR

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In this paper, we distinguish between the Doppler effects for spontaneously emitted photons and continuously emitted waves. Under certain plausible assumptions, electron orbits can be modeled for simple atomic systems and such studies show that all permissible electron trajectories correspond to elliptical orbits. From the conservation of energy, momentum and angular momentum, in conjunction with the geometrical model of electron orbits, we derive the Doppler effect for spontaneously emitted photons that is quite different from the one used for continuously generated waves. All astronomical redshifts are currently interpreted by assuming the incoming radiation to be continuously emitted waves. Therefore, widely-observed redshift in radiation from most astronomical sources is interpreted to imply the expanding universe, along with cosmological expansion of space. However, for the spontaneously emitted photons, we show that the photons emitted in forward direction parallel to the emitter velocity get redshifted. That means, the astronomical redshift implies that the emission sources are moving towards the observer and our universe is not expanding. All high redshift astronomical objects are likely to be physically disrupted through dynamic instabilities or explosions and their high redshifts are associated with relativistic shock waves propagating towards the observer. Hence the proposed Doppler effect for the spontaneously emitted photons dismisses the cosmological expansion of space and supports a steady state universe.

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Section: Tests For Verification Of Doppler Effect For Photonssupporting

confidence: 71%

Distinct Doppler Effects for Spontaneously Emitted Photons and Continuously Emitted Waves

Sandhu¹

2017

APR

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“…Recent precision tests of the relativistic Doppler effect by variants of the Ives and Stilwell experiment considerably improved this bound. Botermann et al (2014) reported that measurements of frequency shifts of hyperfine structure lines of Li + ions moving at speed w/c = 0.3 agree with the relativistic prediction to a few parts in 10 9 . Since they do not report problems with reproduceability as the Earth rotates and moves around the Sun we may take it that their bound in equation (10) bounds the coupling parameter to…”

Section: Tests For Preferred Motionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Robert Dicke and the naissance of experimental gravity physics, 1957–1967

Peebles

2016

EPJ H

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The experimental study of gravity became much more active in the late 1950s, a change pronounced enough be termed the birth, or naissance, of experimental gravity physics. I present a review of developments in this subject since 1915, through the broad range of new approaches that commenced in the late 1950s, and up to the transition of experimental gravity physics to what might be termed a normal and accepted part of physical science in the late 1960s. This review shows the importance of advances in technology, here as in all branches of natural science. The role of contingency is illustrated by Robert Dicke's decision in the mid-1950s to change directions in mid-career, to lead a research group dedicated to the experimental study of gravity. The review also shows the power of nonempirical evidence. Some in the 1950s felt that general relativity theory is so logically sound as to be scarcely worth the testing. But Dicke and others argued that a poorly tested theory is only that, and that other nonempirical arguments, based on Mach's Principle and Dirac's Large Numbers hypothesis, suggested it would be worth looking for a better theory of gravity. I conclude by offering lessons from this history, some peculiar to the study of gravity physics during the naissance, some of more general relevance. The central lesson, which is familiar but not always well advertised, is that physical theories can be empirically established, sometimes with surprising results.

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“…Using precision laser spectroscopy on accelerated atomic beams is a highly sensitive testbed of time dilation due to the motion of an emitting and absorbing quantum object (Gwinner 2005). Using Li + ions as clocks at relativistic speed, the lasers' Doppler shifted resonance frequency was measured with a relative accuracy of < 4 × 10 -9 (Botermann et al 2014) and a constraint on the LLI violating parameter of |α| ≤ 2 × 10 -8 was deduced in this experiment. Only recently, these limits have been overcome by optical clock measurements.…”

Section: Relativistic Redshift Measurements -To Which Level Can We Trmentioning

confidence: 97%

Atomic clocks for geodesy

et al. 2018

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We review experimental progress on optical atomic clocks and frequency transfer, and consider the prospects of using these technologies for geodetic measurements. Today, optical atomic frequency standards have reached relative frequency inaccuracies below 10, opening new fields of fundamental and applied research. The dependence of atomic frequencies on the gravitational potential makes atomic clocks ideal candidates for the search for deviations in the predictions of Einstein's general relativity, tests of modern unifying theories and the development of new gravity field sensors. In this review, we introduce the concepts of optical atomic clocks and present the status of international clock development and comparison. Besides further improvement in stability and accuracy of today's best clocks, a large effort is put into increasing the reliability and technological readiness for applications outside of specialized laboratories with compact, portable devices. With relative frequency uncertainties of 10, comparisons of optical frequency standards are foreseen to contribute together with satellite and terrestrial data to the precise determination of fundamental height reference systems in geodesy with a resolution at the cm-level. The long-term stability of atomic standards will deliver excellent long-term height references for geodetic measurements and for the modelling and understanding of our Earth.

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Test of Time Dilation Using StoredLi+Ions as Clocks at Relativistic Speed

Cited by 72 publications

References 50 publications

Distinct Doppler Effects for Spontaneously Emitted Photons and Continuously Emitted Waves

Distinct Doppler Effects for Spontaneously Emitted Photons and Continuously Emitted Waves

Robert Dicke and the naissance of experimental gravity physics, 1957–1967

Atomic clocks for geodesy

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