Test Method for Determining the Efflorescence Potential of Masonry Materials Based on Soluble Salt Content

Sanders, J.P.; Brosnan, Denis A.; Farny, J.; Behie, W.; Dean, S. W.

doi:10.1520/jai102725

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…At the concrete curing age of 28 days, efflorescence and water absorption tests were carried out according to the ASTM specifications [ 66 , 69 ]. Only one specimen was prepared for concrete curing ages of 7 and 28 days.…”

Section: Experimental Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable Reuse of Agro-Industrial Wastes into Green Cement Bricks

et al. 2022

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The fabrication of bricks commonly consumes relatively high natural resources. To reduce the carbon footprint in the brick production industry, repurposing industrial wastes in the making of sustainable bricks is a recent trend in research and application. Local wastes, such as oil palm shell (OPS), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), and quarry dust (QD), are massively produced annually in the palm oil-exporting countries. Moreover, QD from mining industries is hazardous to both water and air quality. For better waste management in marching towards sustainability, these wastes should be given their second life as construction materials. Therefore, this paper investigates the possibility of incorporating agro-industrial wastes into the brick mixture by examining their properties by means of several standardized tests. For the mix design, a 100% replacement of coarse aggregate with OPS, 20% replacement of cement with POFA, 20% cement weight of limestone as admixture, and 0 to 50% replacements of fine aggregate with QD are experimentally considered. The optimum mix of these wastes is preliminarily determined by focusing on high compressive strength as an indicator. Other examinations include splitting tensile, flexural strength, water absorption, and efflorescence tests. Although the agro-industrial waste cement brick is 18% lower in the strength to weight ratio compared to that of conventional, it is observed that it has better late strength development due to its POFA pozzolanic properties. Moreover, the proposed green cement brick is further checked for compliance with several standards for feasible use in the construction industry. Financially, the cost for the brick with the new mix design is almost equivalent to that of conventional. Hence, this green cement brick is reasonable to be employed in the construction industry to promote material sustainability for better waste management.

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Section: Experimental Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable Reuse of Agro-Industrial Wastes into Green Cement Bricks

et al. 2022

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“…There are tests that have been proposed to assess the possible potential of materials in terms of salt sources (e.g. Chin et al 2010;Sanders et al 2010). …”

Section: Materials Replacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of stony materials in the built environment

Alves

Sanjurjo-Sánchez

2015

Environ Chem Lett

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Materials in the built environment are exposed to several agents that promote alteration processes resulting in features that might be considered detrimental of its value. There are diverse possible intervention measures that might, however, have unwanted side effects. Here are reviewed the main issues related to the struggle against these alteration processes, from the consideration of the intervention criteria to strategic considerations on the organisation of the intervention that must include temporal and spatial features of alteration processes, as well as possible interventions on the surroundings of the materials and in the materials, including its replacement. The longterm effectiveness of these interventions is linked with the global strategy namely in relation to the conditions that promote alteration processes. Some sustainability questions related to the intervention operations are also considered such as the use of toxic substances and the consumption of resources.

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Maintenance and Conservation of Materials in the Built Environment

Alves

Sanjurjo-Sánchez

2015

Pollutants in Buildings, Water and Living Organisms

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Test Method for Determining the Efflorescence Potential of Masonry Materials Based on Soluble Salt Content

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

A Sustainable Reuse of Agro-Industrial Wastes into Green Cement Bricks

A Sustainable Reuse of Agro-Industrial Wastes into Green Cement Bricks

Conservation of stony materials in the built environment

Maintenance and Conservation of Materials in the Built Environment

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