1991
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.11-04-01117.1991
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Abstract: Neurites of chick sensory neurons in culture were attached by their growth cones to glass needles of known compliance and were subjected to increasing tensions as steps of constant force; each step lasted 30-60 min and was 25-50 mu dyn greater than the previous step. After correcting for elastic stretching, neurite elongation rate increased in proportion to tension magnitude greater than a tension threshold. The value of the tension threshold required for growth varied between 25 and 560 mu dyn, with most betw… Show more

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Cited by 219 publications
(190 citation statements)
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“…Visualization of fluorescent vesicles leaving the cell body in Xenopus neurons in culture suggests insertion at the growth cone (Zakharenko and Popov 1998), and transfecting an exogenous gene into cultured rat hippocampal neurons similarly demonstrated insertion of the newly synthesized proteins at the growth cone first (Craig et al 1995). On the other hand, in vivo metabolic labeling studies suggest that certain proteins and lipids are inserted all along the axon (Griffin et al 1981;Toews et al 1988;Harel and Futerman 1996), and physically stretching the axon leads to remarkably rapid axon elongation and new membrane insertion along its length (Zheng et al 1991). Axon stretching may be relevant after the growth cone has reached its target during development but the axon continues to elongate as the animal grows.…”
Section: Extending the Plasma Membranementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Visualization of fluorescent vesicles leaving the cell body in Xenopus neurons in culture suggests insertion at the growth cone (Zakharenko and Popov 1998), and transfecting an exogenous gene into cultured rat hippocampal neurons similarly demonstrated insertion of the newly synthesized proteins at the growth cone first (Craig et al 1995). On the other hand, in vivo metabolic labeling studies suggest that certain proteins and lipids are inserted all along the axon (Griffin et al 1981;Toews et al 1988;Harel and Futerman 1996), and physically stretching the axon leads to remarkably rapid axon elongation and new membrane insertion along its length (Zheng et al 1991). Axon stretching may be relevant after the growth cone has reached its target during development but the axon continues to elongate as the animal grows.…”
Section: Extending the Plasma Membranementioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, mechanical material properties play a key role in the control of numerous cellular processes such as cell shape changes [1], cell locomotion [2], adhesion [3] or cell division [4] by mechanical forces. Second, local forces can control the cellular architecture in a subtle way, for instance through the activation of small GTPases of the rho-family [5] which can result in rapid (sub-second) reorganizations of the actin network [6], including the formation of stress fibres [7], the activation of micro-muscles or the growth of cellular protrusions, such as philipodia [8] or axons [9]. Finally, measurements of viscoelastic moduli provide a sensitive tool for real time studies of structural re-organizations of the cytoskeleton induced by external forces, cell signalling processes, or biochemical perturbations [7,10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, a linear relationship existed between the growth rate and the experimentally applied tension, and the axonal growth was regulated by mechanical tension. [1][2][3][4][5] Interestingly, the result of our present study suggested that it is also possible to lengthen the regenerating sprouts of the transected proximal nerve stump by the mechanical stretching. Thus, the stimulus of mechanical stretching also induces the growth of regenerating sprouts in vivo.…”
Section: Stretching Of the Proximal Stump Induces The Growth Of Sproutsmentioning
confidence: 64%
“…In addition, it has been reported that tension applied to the growth cones of PC12 or chick DRG neurites can induces a significant neurite outgrowth. [1][2][3][4][5] In our previous studies, we lengthened the transected proximal nerve stumps by direct gradual stretching ex vivo, and the whole nerve trunk including the endoneurium and axons were lengthened simultaneously in proportion to the stretching period. Interestingly, however, in our experiment the tip of the proximal nerve stump was significantly lengthened during gradual stretching.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%