Tensile and axial fatigue properties of AISI 316 L stainless steel fabricated by materials extrusion additive manufacturing

Suwanpreecha, Chanun; Songkuea, Sukrit; Linjee, Siwat; Bumrungpon, Mongkol; Manonukul, Anchalee

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105667

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The measured density, relative density, and optical microscopy (OM) density of FFF and L-PBF specimens are presented in Table 4. Relative density and OM density is both presented relative to the published density of 316L stainless steel of 7.84 g/cm 3 [21]. OM density was measured from micrographs of three specimens for each process parameter combination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have set out to determine optimal print parameters, varying nozzle temperature, infill strategy, build orientation, print speed, extrusion multiplier, line width, and layer height [12,13]. The effects of print parameters on shrinkage during processing [12,[14][15][16], geometric accuracy [16], density [12,17,18], tension tests [8,[13][14][15]18,19], optimization of post-processing [20], fatigue [21], hardness [14,18,22], and surface roughness [22] have been investigated, often comparing to samples produced from L-PBF [19,22], other MEX processes such as Desktop Metal and Markforged [21,22] or samples from conventionally manufactured 316L plate [8,14]. Typically industrial or commerical grade FFF printers have been utilized in previous research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduction of Process Induced Porosity for Ultrafuse 316L through Parameter Optimization of Creality Ender 3 V2 and Makerbot Method X

Betts,

Sampson,

Lindsey

et al. 2024

Crystals

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Metal-based additive manufacturing (MBAM) has enabled rapid prototyping and one-off production, but the cost of equipment has limited widespread adoption. Recent developments in hybrid filaments and processes have created more accessible methods for MBAM, leveraging common fused filament fabrication (FFF) printers and Ultrafuse 316L metal filament. This technique has shown promise but suffered from large pore formations along parallel print paths. To reduce the formation of process-dependent pores, a design of experiments (DOE) was conducted to investigate the effects of varying extrusion parameters such as layer height, line width, and extrusion multiplier for tensile samples produced on a Creality Ender 3 V2 and MakerBot Method X. Characterization techniques included tensile testing, microhardness, density measurements, and optical microscopy; findings were compared to samples produced via laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and from 316L plate. The Method X produced components with approximately 1% porosity and the Ender 4% porosity. Mechanical properties for both FFF printers were comparable to previous research, with an increase in tensile strength for the Method X. Despite the increased porosity in the Ender samples, only a 7% reduction in strength from the average yield in Method X samples (153.6 MPa) was observed. It was found that a combination of increased layer height and extrusion rate led to improved mechanical properties in parts printed on the Ender, while the default Makerbot settings resulted in the best overall performance for Ultrafuse 316L samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Process Induced Porosity for Ultrafuse 316L through Parameter Optimization of Creality Ender 3 V2 and Makerbot Method X

Betts,

Sampson,

Lindsey

et al. 2024

Crystals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They are used for the production of “ready-to-use” parts with improved final physical and mechanical properties [ 7 ]. Due to its favorable characteristics, such as high strength, high ductility, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, stainless steel 316L is one of the most popular materials used in metal additive manufacturing (MAM) techniques [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Investigation of Properties of Metallic Parts Additively Manufactured through MEX and PBF-LB/M Technologies

et al. 2023

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In this study, the research on 316L steel manufactured additively using two commercially available techniques, Material Extrusion (MEX) and Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metals (PBF-LB/M), were compared. The additive manufacturing (AM) process based on powder bed synthesis is of great interest in the production of metal parts. One of the most interesting alternatives to PBF-LB/M, are techniques based on material extrusion due to the significant initial cost reduction. Therefore, the paper compares these two different methods of AM technologies for metals. The investigations involved determining the density of the printed samples, assessing their surface roughness in two printing planes, examining their microstructures including determining their porosity and density, and measuring their hardness. The tests carried out make it possible to determine the durability, and quality of the obtained sample parts, as well as to assess their strength. The conducted research revealed that samples fabricated using the PBF-LB/M technology exhibited approximately 3% lower porosity compared to those produced using the MEX technology. Additionally, it was observed that the hardness of PBF-LB/M samples was more than twice as high as that of the samples manufactured using the MEX technology.

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“…This forming method can make near-net shapes and complex products through rapid and low-cost production with a low workforce. Several materials, e.g., metal, polymer, ceramic, and composite materials, can be printed by 3Dprinting technology [8][9][10][11]. Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) are composite materials that mix between polymer matrix and reinforcement, such as metal particles or fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of iron oxide waste by carbothermic reduction to utilize in FDM 3D printing materials

DOUNGKEAW,

SUTTIPONG,

KUNGWANKRAI

et al. 2023

J Met Mater Miner

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Iron oxide scale generally forms on low-carbon steel surfaces during the hot rolling processes andproduces as solid waste more than 100 thousand tons per year. The utilization of the iron oxide scaleis one possible way to reduce the production cost for steel plants and promote environmental protection. Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrol-Copolymer (ABS) is widely used as engineering plastic for automotive parts because of its high strength and wear resistance. The recycling of iron oxide waste as reinforcement particles for enhancing the tensile strength of ABS composite was studied. The iron oxides were recycled by carbon powder at a high temperature between 1150℃ to 1350℃ up to 120 min. After the reduction process, the reduced iron from an optimal condition with the iron-rich fraction was ground to powder. Afterward, the 0.3 vol% to 1.3 vol% powders were mixed with ABS polymer powder and formed as composite filaments for additive manufacturing (FDM 3D printing). The tensile strength of pure ABS filament increased to 37.16 ± 2.37 MPa when added recycled iron powders. The regular distribution and 13.68 ± 9.78 µm of recycled-iron particle sizes on the ABS matrix were investigated and correlated to the mechanical properties.

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Tensile and axial fatigue properties of AISI 316 L stainless steel fabricated by materials extrusion additive manufacturing

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Reduction of Process Induced Porosity for Ultrafuse 316L through Parameter Optimization of Creality Ender 3 V2 and Makerbot Method X

Reduction of Process Induced Porosity for Ultrafuse 316L through Parameter Optimization of Creality Ender 3 V2 and Makerbot Method X

A Comparative Investigation of Properties of Metallic Parts Additively Manufactured through MEX and PBF-LB/M Technologies

Recycling of iron oxide waste by carbothermic reduction to utilize in FDM 3D printing materials

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